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Effect of the number of lipid layers on the properties of thin films as skin barrier models.
Bělochová, Šárka ; Pullmannová, Petra (advisor) ; Paraskevopoulou, Anna (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Mentor: Mgr. Petra Pullmannová, Ph.D. Student: Šárka Bělochová Title of Thesis: Effect of the number of lipid layers on the properties of thin films as skin barrier models The uppermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), primarily serves a barrier function that is essential for human survival on dry land. The SC is composed of flattened dead cells, corneocytes, which are surrounded by an extracellular lipid matrix. The composition and arrangement of SC lipids are closely related to the proper structure and function of the skin, and their disruption can lead to the development of certain skin diseases. The study aimed to determine the effect of the number of lipid layers on the properties of thin films as skin barrier models. The method used for the preparation of the models was the deposition of thin films by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Mono-, tri- and five-layer models were prepared. The deposited sample was a mixture simulating the composition of skin lipids and containing ceramides, cholesterol and a mixture of fatty acids in a molar ratio of 1:0.45:1. These models were then evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman microspectroscopy. During the experiments,...
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The effect of ceramide structure on the behavior of thin films modeling the skin barrier.
Šustrová, Terezie ; Pullmannová, Petra (advisor) ; Kováčik, Andrej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Student: Terezie Šustrová Mentor: Mgr. Petra Pullmannová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The effect of ceramide structure on the behavior of thin films modeling the skin barrier The skin barrier is essential for human survival on dry land, it is located in the uppermost layer of the skin, in the stratum corneum (SC). SC consists of corneocytes that are surrounded by an oligolamellar lipid matrix. The main components of the SC lipids are ceramides (Cer), fatty acids (FFA) and cholesterol (Chol). They are found in the SC in a ratio of 1:1:1. This ratio is essential for epidermal homeostasis. Any change in this ratio may lead to disruption of the barrier function, e.g. to the development of atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. These lipids prevent excessive loss of water from the body and the entry of undesired substances from the external environment into the body. The lipid matrix forms a typical lamellar arrangement in the skin. Lipids form structures with a long periodicity phase - LPP (d ~ 13 nm), with a short periodicity phase - SPP (d ~ 6 nm) and a separated Chol phase (d ~ 3,4 nm). The molecules are organized with each other in a lateral arrangement that can be orthorhombic, hexagonal, or...
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Modelling and Simulation of Outdoor Lighting in Technicka 12 Area
Charvát, Kryštof ; Škoda, Jan (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
The work focuses on modeling and simulating outdoor lighting in the T12 area and working with lighting computational programs. The aim is to optimize the lighting system with respect to the specific requirements of the environment. Outdoor lighting plays a key role in shaping a safe, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing environment, thus it is important to use modeling and simulation methods to achieve optimal results. The work focuses on minimizing light pollution through accurate calculations without over dimensioning lighting and using appropriate luminaires, ensuring comfort for users of the T12 area, utilizing computational simulations, and photometric analysis. The results of this work will provide the basis for an efficient lighting solution for the T12 area.
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Design of a closed cooling circuit
Novotný, Tomáš ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to design a closed cooling circuit for specific technologies of the power plant machinery room, namely lubricating oil system, power generator and high pressure hydraulic system. The main task is to provide heat dissipation from each system to a central heat exchanger, which is one of the objectives of the thesis design. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the basic description of the cooling circuits and their division. In the second part, the basic components of the cooling circuit and their functions are presented. The principle of heat sharing is also presented. In the third part of the paper, the actual design of the closed cooling circuit is presented, which includes the design of the central heat exchanger. The work includes a model of the piping, which is based on a basic heat balance and P&ID diagram. AVEVA E3D software was used for its creation. Based on the piping isometry and pressure losses in the individual devices, the pressure loss of the circuit is determined. Another objective of the work is the design of the expansion vessel. The problem is solved by using software suitable for solving each part of the design. The output of the work is a refrigeration circuit meeting the requirements for the specified conditions.
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Vasculature models to study thrombolysis
Schildová, Veronika ; Ambrožová,, Gabriela (referee) ; Víteček, Jan (advisor)
The theoretical part of diploma thesis describes the cardiovascular system and focuses on hemostasis. This is a complex of events which maintain functional blood circulation. Hemostasis includes procoagulant processes responsible for elimination of bleeding as well as anticoagulant processes maintain blood fluidity. If there is an imbalance between procoagulation and anticoagulation, thromboembolic or bleeding diseases will occur. This work is focused on one of the most fatal diseases, ischemic stroke, and its treatment by thrombolytics. These are drugs that accelerate the degradation of the blood clot and the recanalization of the blood vessel. This thesis describes the comparison of the only thrombolytic approved for ischemic stroke – alteplase and its mutant tenecteplase. The experimental part is focused on various types of in vitro models to the study of thrombolysis. These are static model, microplate model, thrombus penetration into fibrin gel and sequestration. Such models are used to compare thrombolytics.
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Design and realization of 110 kV overhead and cable line laboratory models
Lelek, Jan ; Jurák, Viktor (referee) ; Ptáček, Michal (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with modelling of overhead and cable of 110 kV lines in PSCAD simulation environment and realization of equivalent laboratory models of these lines. The objectives of the thesis also include an approximation of the technical design of 110 kV lines, definition of the necessary parametrs for the creation of the models themselves, including descriptions of the possibilities of mathematical modelling of the lines. Following the fulfilment of the mentioned objectivites, the theoretical part of the thesis presents factual data of 110 kV lines located within the distribution networks of the Czech Republic, including the basic theory related to line parameters. Subsequently, the thesis deals with the introduction of possible approaches of mathematical modelling of lines, targeted description of possible modelling approaches in the PSCAD simulation environment and selection of necessary parameters for the creation of these models. The practical part of the thesis presents the mathematical models of overhead and cable lines, presenting the results of simulations for different operating states of the lines. The practical part also presents in detail the design, realization and laboratory measurement of physical laboratory models of overhead and cable of 110 kV lines. The thesis then includes a comparison between the results obtained for the line models that were created in the PSCAD simulation environment and the laboratory models.
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Digital twin of the heat exchanger station
Vancl, Radim ; Mihálik, Ondrej (referee) ; Husák, Michal (advisor)
The tesis deals with identification and realization of the simulation model of the exchange station. The theoretical part describes the concept of a digital twin and the components that are used in the model of the heath exchanger station. The practical part is divided into two parts. The first part describes the collection of data from the exchange station model. The second part describes the design of the model and the simulation of the exchanger station.
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Simulation model of MV network for automatic compliance simulation
Michalica, Tomáš ; Drápela, Jiří (referee) ; Dvořáček, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the creation of a numerical simulator of the HV system and the subsequent testing of the requirements for the production modules using PSCAD. The theoretical part of the thesis will first describe the HV network and its elements, then all the requirements that the production modules must meet in order to connect to the network will be discussed in detail. The end of the theoretical part will focus on the describtion of the tests that will be used to test the requirements. The practical part consists of the design and creation of the actual model of the high voltage system in PSCAD. The conclusion of the bachelor thesis will be the evaluation of the measurement results and the comparison of the measured values with the expected values.
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Temperature distribution in a nuclear fuel rod
Vnenk, Petr ; Mičian, Peter (referee) ; Foral, Štěpán (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the temperature profile in the nuclear fuel rod. The main focus is on addressing the thermal processes within the fuel rod. As part of the thesis, a review of specialized literary sources was conducted. The construction of the fuel assembly was clarified, and the processes within the nuclear fuel were described. An integral part of the work involved the implementation of physical computational models related to the calculation of the fuel temperature profile. To address and highlight the mentioned issues, the VBA in MS EXCEL was utilized. This thesis aims to comprehensively cover the mentioned issues so that they can subsequently be effectively applied in practice.
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Modelling and Simulation of the Longitudinal Flight Control
Zavadil, Dominik ; Jalovecký, Rudolf (referee) ; Jirgl, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the design of a longitudinal flight model of an aircraft, identification of its parameters and validation of the obtained model. The theoretical part describes the modelling of longitudinal flight using equations of motion, which are then linearized and transformed into a state-space representation. In the practical part, data measured on a flight simulator were used to identify two models and for their subsequent validation. A joystick emulated by an Arduino Leonardo board was used to generate input signals in the process of acquiring the validation data. Finally, the validated models were used to build a simulation model that can be used to determine the response of the aircraft to different types of input signals.
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