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Study of selected mushroom toxins of Amanita muscaria.
Adámek, Michal ; Bosáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hložek, Tomáš (referee)
The presented bachelor's thesis was focused on the development of an HPLC-MS/MS method for the separation and eventual quantification of the main toxins of Amanita muscaria (fly agaric). After optimization of tandem mass detection conditions, MRM transitions were found for muscarine (174 → 57), ibotenic acid (159 → 113), muscimol (115 → 98) and cycloserine (103 → 75), which was used as an internal standard. Measurements were performed on Luna Omega 1.6 µm polar C18 column in RP-HPLC mode with an optimized mobile phase composition of 2:98 (v/v) acetonitrile/deionized water with the addition of 0.1% formic acid in both components and Ascentis Express RP- Amide in HILIC mode with an optimized mobile phase composed of 70:30 (v/v) methanol/deionized water with the addition of 0.5% formic acid in both components. Calibration curves with a range of 0.01 to 10 µg/ml for RP-HPLC and 0.01 to 25 µg/ml for HILIC were measured under optimized conditions. Urine and blood serum solutions of a patient with Amanita muscaria poisoning, including diluted versions of these solutions, were measured. Ibotenic acid and muscimol were found in the patient's urine, muscarine, ibotenic acid and muscimol in the blood serum. The RP-HPLC method gave narrower peaks with lower retentions and lower noise levels. The studied toxins...
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The Picture of the Divided Self in the Work of R.L. Stevenson and Bram Stoker
KACEROVSKÁ, Lucie
The thesis focuses on the theme of split personality in the works of Bram Stoker and Robert Louis Stevenson. The aim of this thesis is a comparative analysis of the novels Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by R. L. Stevenson and Dracula by Bram Stoker, with regard to the key theme of split personality. The introductory theoretical part discusses the significance of this theme in Anglo-American gothic prose, drawing mainly on Botting's study Gothic. The following chapters are devoted to a comparative interpretation of selected motifs, such as mystery, love, pursuit, desire for power, fear, violence, science and education, friendship, and love. The thesis also focuses on the function of space and the depiction of crime, guilt, and conscience in both novels. Last but not least, it addresses the significance of contrasts and symbolic images in creating psychological tension in the works of both authors. This thesis offers a psychological perspective on two famous gothic novels and their shared theme.
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Digital Discourse Analysis of Posthumanism in Open Access Academia
Sen, Shivam ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Sedláček, Jakub (referee)
Digital Discourse Analysis of Posthumanism in Open Access Academia Abstract In light of Human actions leading to an earth wide ecological breakdown it is importance to reflect upon the construction of the notion of 'Human' and how people's ideas of 'their being' is evolving and changing. At the same time, there has been a recent emergence of the term 'Posthuman' in academic literature. In a very general form, the term is implying something that is after 'human'. However, due to its newness it is yet ambiguous. Thus, this paper conducts a digital discourse analysis to identify the different senses of the term as used in open access academia, investigates the other important objects in the discursive sphere and describe the power configuration in the discursive sphere. Findings suggests three major senses of the term, (1) 'Posthuman processes'. (2) 'Posthuman beings' and (3) 'Posthuman perspectives'. Salience of 'novel socio- technical processes', 'human enhancement technologies' and 'new perspectives of beings' is found in the discursive sphere. Further, influential or powerful authors and ideas in the sphere are also identified.
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Circulating tumor DNA in urine and its use as a potential biomarker of colorectal cancer
Surkovová, Veronika ; Ptáčková, Renata (advisor) ; Dračínská, Helena (referee)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious disease whose incidence has been steadily increasing. There is a high chance of cure and a good quality of life, if the treatment is started in the early stages of this disease. The so-called liquid biopsy, in which biomarkers from various body fluids are obtained and analyzed, could help with early detection of the disease, monitoring of the patient's condition and appropriate determination of the diagnosis. The aim of this study is to isolate and analyse circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from the urine of patients with advanced CRC. In these patients the ctDNA was detected in plasma. The method used for analysis is based on the principle of PCR with the formation of heteroduplexes, followed by the separation of "wild type" and mutated DNA fragments by denaturing capillary electrophoresis. Unlike plasma samples, the presence of KRAS mutations was not confirmed in urine samples. Neither the established procedure for plasma analysis, the attempt to enrich ctDNA by so-called purification, nor other tested isolation kits using the selected detection method allowed detection of the KRAS mutation in urine via ctDNA. Although urine ctDNA testing in general appears to be a promising method for improving the treatment level of (colorectal) cancer, and although its use could...
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Basic urine laborator examination
HAMOUZOVÁ, Kateřina
In this bachelor thesis I deal with the basic urine examination in the laboratory of clinical biochemistry. The bachelor thesis is mainly focused on the examination of urine chemically and the examination of urinary sediment. An essential part of the bachelor thesis is to approach public with the course of biological material examination in the laboratory. This work could be benefit for students or general public as an enghlitement of basic laboratory analysis of urine. Mainly in order to collect data which show the importance of testing, whether chemical or microscopic. The theoretical part briefly describes kidneys and their vascular supply. The division into primary and secondary urine is part of the chapter "Urine formation". Urine collection can be found in the same chapter. In the next chapter I present the chemical composition of urine. Urine composition plays an important role without any doubt in determining the patient's health. Furthermore, I characterize physical urine examination, which is an integral part of the basic urine examination. The next chapter is called Chemical examination of urine". Today, urine chemistry is performed through diagnostic strips. Last but not least, urine is examined microscopically. This examination is discussed in the "Penultimate chapter". In the last chapter I describe basic information about urinary stones. The methodology describes the procedure and principle of how to properly perform urine testing in the laboratory, whether chemically or microscopically. At the end of thecase report, the obtained data of analytes in the urine, which outlines the importance of the examined biological material.
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Štítná žláza prasat
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Petra
Thyroid gland is very important endocrine organ that interferes with a number of processes in the body. Sufficient iodine saturation of animals is essential for optimal production of thyroid hormones. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to determine iodine supply of slaughter pigs and morphometric parameters of thyroid glands in selected individuals. The study included 27 castrated hybrids of Czech landrace and Pietrain. Iodine content in urine was determined using the Sandell - Kolthoff spectrophotometric method. Thyroid parameters were determined microscopically: length, width, outer and inner area of the follicles and thyrocyte height. The representation of individual size categories of follicles was also determined. The average content of urinary iodine in the observed group was 350.8+-184.3 ug/l, the maximum was 608 ug/l and the minimum was 76 ug/l. Optimally saturated with iodine was 44.44 % of individuals, 11.11 % had a deficiency and 44.44 % an excess of iodine. The average length of the thyroid follicle was 149.3+-64.8 um, width 105.9+-50.6 um, outer area 16810.6+-18030.0 um2, inner area 14318.4+-16985.2 um2 and thyrocyte height 6.2+-2.6 um. In the thyroid glands was 9.4 % small, 62.8 % medium and 27.8 % large follicles. In the selected group of individuals, the impact of different iodine saturation of animals on all monitored thyroid parameters was demonstrated.
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Challenging Hegemony: Coercion, Repression and Protest in Liberal Democracies.
Čapinská, Barbora ; Kýrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Gagnon, Jean-Paul (referee) ; Wahlström, Mattias (referee)
Barbora Čapinská Abstract for dissertation thesis Challenging hegemony: coercion, repression, and protest in liberal democracies Year of defence: 2022 Abstract: This dissertation project identifies and classifies the types of coercive and repressive methods liberal democratic states use to prevent, resist, or suppress protest via analysis of secondary literature from several disparate academic fields. Despite the substantial fragmentation of the relevant research, it systematizes and clarifies the terminology used to describe these phenomena and combines the extant findings from all relevant research strands. Above all, the project stresses the fact that repressions are employed in response to a threat posed by the challengers, but the degree of this threat, or respectively legitimacy of the protest, is influenced or even constructed by the mass media coverage of protest and social movements. By endorsing a discourse-theoretical prism and the concept of hegemony, a relational definition of state, and a three-dimensional view of power, the author proposes to view protest and repression as a hegemonic struggle, in which protest is a counter-hegemonic discourse and the state an embodiment of hegemony suppressing challenges. To supplement existent typologies, the author introduces the concepts 'institutional...
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