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Activity of antioxidant enzymes in different pathophysilogical states.
Vávrová, Lucie
Background: Oxidative stress is supposed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases which are connected with increased formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Oxidative stress could play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and sepsis, acute and chronic pancreatitis or in the development of cancer. Organisms are protected against RONS from antioxidant system that is composed of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. To the most important antioxidant enzymes belong superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and paraoxonase (PON). The aim of this Doctoral Thesis was to investigate the behaviour of three of these antioxidant enzymes - CuZnSOD, CAT and PON1 in different pathophysiological states. Materials and methods: The activities of CuZnSOD, CAT and PON1 were measured in six different pathophysiological states. Forty patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), 35 women with depressive disorder (DD), 30 septic patients (SP), 50 patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), 50 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and 13 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) were included in different studies together with sex- and age-matched healthy controls (CON). Patients with AP and SP were observed in the course...
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Metabolic and structural differences in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension
Šomlóová, Zuzana ; Widimský, Jiří (advisor) ; Mlíková Seidlerová, Jitka (referee) ; Červenka, Luděk (referee)
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease, and patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) - the most common endocrine cause of hypertension - have a higher incidence of CV complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of metabolic differences and organ complications - kidney, heart and blood vessels damage in patients with essential hypertension (EH), PA and its most common forms - idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). We found a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome and a higher incidence of metabolic abnormalities in IHA compared to APA - higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, higher levels of triglycerides and lower levels of HDL cholesterol and thereby a higher cardiometabolic risk. Metabolic profile of patients with IHA is similar to EH in contrast to APA. Arterial stiffness was expressed as pulse wave velocity (PWV), in central arteries as carotid-femoral PWV and at peripheral level as femoral-ankle PWV. Patients with PA with comparable levels of blood pressure (BP) have higher stiffness of central elastic and peripheral muscular arteries than patients with EH. The main predictor of impaired peripheral arterial stiffness is the plasma aldosterone level. Patients with IHA have higher central arterial...
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Effect of fatty acids on lipid metabolism and weight reduction
Hlavatý, Petr ; Kunešová, Marie (advisor) ; Müllerová, Dana (referee) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee)
Fat tissue plays a main role in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Many components of the metabolic syndrome may be improved by dietary arrangements, including an increased intake of n-3 PUFA. In addition to the positive effect of n-3 PUFA, a possible effect of a higher calcium intake on influencing weight loss and energy metabolism has also been discussed for a long time. In addition to nutritional factors, genetic factors significantly contribute to influencing weight and lipid and glucose metabolism. In study A, 40 obese women were observed during three weeks of weight reduction management. Women were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received yogurt enriched with n-3 PUFA, and the second group consumed yoghurt without the supplementation. The results show that low-dose supplementation with n-3 PUFA in yogurt in combination with a reduced energy intake increases n-3 PUFA content in serum lipids and prevents adverse changes in the composition of FA in serum after a short-term low-calorie diet. In study B, we monitored the influence of n-3 PUFA supplementation on short-term weight management with VLCD in 20 women with severe obesity, who were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received VLCD enriched with n-3 PUFA, the second group VLCD with a placebo. The addition of...
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Reduction Modes to 3rd Medical Department in the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome and their Effect on the Outcome of Bariatric Operations
Jungová, Ivana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee)
(teze): Úvod: Redukční režimy na 3. interní klinice VFN Praha v léčbě obezity a metabolického syndromu a jejich vliv na úbytek hmotnosti po bariatrické operaci při aplikaci těsně před zákrokem. Metody: Porovnávání shromážděných dat týkajících se redukce hmotnosti v době před a 1 rok po bariatrickém zákroku pro dvě skupiny pacientů. Jedna skupina absolvovala těsně před operativním výkonem redukční pobyt. Druhá skupina byla přijata k operačnímu řešení z ambulantního režimu. Výsledky: Obě skupiny pacientů ve sledované době (1 rok po operaci) svou hmotnost významně redukovaly, vyšší úbytek v kilogramech po roce od zákroku byl zaznamenán u skupiny s redukčním pobytem (23,02 kg), u skupiny bez redukčního pobytu byl průměrný úbytek hmotnosti 21,17 kg. Po porovnání úbytku hmotnosti z průměrné hodnoty životního maxima skupin má významně vyšší redukci skupina s redukčním pobytem (51,9 kg), skupina bez redukčního pobytu redukovala ze svého životního maxima průměrně o 32 kg. Hodnota EWL (Excess Weight Loss) jeden rok po operaci byla vyšší u skupiny bez redukčního pobytu (39,36 %), u skupiny s redukčním pobytem dosáhla hodnoty 33,509 %. Stejně tak hodnotu EBMIL (Excess BMI Loss) měla skupina bez redukčního pobytu vyšší než skupina s redukčním pobytem. Procentuální roční úbytek hmotnosti byl u obou skupin...
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Local metabolism of glucocorticoids in female Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats
Klusoňová, Petra ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee)
11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD1) is an oxidoreductase which catalyzes conversion of inactive 11-oxo steroid derivatives into active 11-hydroxy forms. 11HSD1 elevates intracellular level of active glucocorticoid (GC) hormones: cortisol in human tissues and corticosterone in rodents, therefore local level of active GCs can be set independently from systemic secretion driven by hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). Chronic systemic excess of GCs results in development of Cushing's syndrome which is characterised by central obesity and other metabolic disturbances. Despite normal serum levels of GCs, the patients with idiopathic obesity also develop metabolic syndrome. It was suggested that GCs could be elevated locally in target tissues due to enhanced 11HSD1 activity. This hypothesis was confirmed in transgenic rodent models. Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats represent a non-obese model of metabolic syndrome without genetic manipulations or specific mutations. The strain was bred by cross-mating of Wistar rat individuals with elevated serum levels of triglycerides (TGs). The strain exhibit hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. When kept on high carbohydrate diet HHTg rats exhibit alterations in glucose homeostasis. Since there are no data that would describe...
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Design and verification of the intervention program for client with metabolic syndrome visiting Wellbeing Centre VŠTJ MEDICÍNA in České Budějovice
BENÝŠKOVÁ, Ivetta
Presented personal case study shows the effects of targeted intervention motion drawn up the plan and verifying its functionality for clients with severe metabolic syndrome. The client is a 39-year old obese (BMI of 32.3, height 164 cm, weight 87 kg) diabetic. Emphasis was placed on the program-controlled weight reduction exercise. The client for 13 weeks completed 53 hours of physical activity of aerobic and weight training character in 46 training units. The results confirm the success of case reports targeted exercise intervention in the therapy of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Significantly decreased the value of glycated hemoglobin, waist circumference shrank by 5 cm, total weight reduction amounted to 2 kg. Within three months, an improvement in client anthropometric, biochemical and cardiovascular indicators.
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Nonlinear methods of heart rate variability analysis in metabolic syndrome
Vaňková, Eliška ; Kozumplík, Jiří (referee) ; Kubičková, Alena (advisor)
This work deals with the problematic of heart rate variability of patients with metabolic syndrome. Includes the theory, which describes the heart rate variability and the methods for its analysing. Especially it specifies nonlinear methods, particularly Lyapunov exponent and its calculation in Matlab software. Algorithm of the calculation is applicated to already measured tachogram of the healthy people and patients with the metabolic syndrome. Further, this work deals with general valorization of the results using Lyapunov exponent and her eis also done the statistical evaluation.
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