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Too sovereign to fail
Bergerová, Tereza ; Šíma, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pour, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims on a comparison of market and government failures. There are many causes of market failure. In this thesis, there are described externalities, monopoly, public goods and asymmetric information. Government failure may be caused by many factors, this work focuses on bureaucracy, lobbyists, rent-seeking and political and economic cycle. All these causes of market and government failures are shown on real instances. One chapter discusses a real case called H-System, which perfectly shows the compatibility of market and government failure. Very important is the comparison of the default of a government and a firm as well. When a firm goes bankrupt, it does not exist anymore. On the contrary, if a state defaults, it still exists. A state is too sovereign to fail - it is too strong, powerful and irreplaceable to fail.
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Regulation of the Tobacco Market
Prosečová, Kristina ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Filipová, Alena (referee)
The Diploma Thesis deals with the regulation of the tobacco market. The first part is dedicated to the theoretical view on regulation. It describes the historical development of the different points of view on regulation within economic schools, then it characterizes different types of market failure and within those it shows possible solutions in form of regulatory measures. The second part of the diploma thesis deals with tobacco and tobacco products market. In this chapter the current situation on the market is analyzed and some trends are derived, the chapter also deals with the largest producers of tobacco products nowadays. The last chapter deals with current tobacco control legislation. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and current European tobacco control legislation are looked at in detail and there is a comparison conducted of the level of tobacco market regulation in different parts of the world. The last part of the thesis delivers the evaluation of the level to which the current tobacco regulation is in line with the economic theory of regulation.
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Public Support for Applied Research and Development from the Perspective of selected Business Entity
Novák, Karel ; Musil, Martin (advisor) ; Krbová, Jana (referee)
This thesis analyses the causes of states interventions in the market environment and the risk associated with them, in particular with the state support of research and development. There are several types of support, each of them has benefits on the one hand and inducted costs on the other one. The thesis assesses the benefits and inducted cost of the various types of state support of research and development from the perspective of the company Vyzkumny ustav organickych syntez. In the case of this business entity there is the economic analysis performed and the decision rule for the most appropriate aid derived. At the same time thesis tries to find how to increase efficiency of the government support.
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Ekonomická analýza loudness war
Vilím, Tomáš ; Melzochová, Jitka (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis determines whether the loudness war phenomenon has an effect on the success of individual songs on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Presented theoretical part introduces this rather technical problem to economists, an insight is provided into the distribution chain of music recordings as well as into the decision-making of consumers. The key factors determining the chart position are identified following the research of existing theory and are used to create an ordinary least squares model designed to answer the question mentioned above. Results of this model falsify the hypothesis that higher level of dynamic range compression leads to a better chart position. The loudness war is identified as a market failure.
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Smoking in restaurants: consumer sovereignty and market failure
Červinková, Kristýna ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
Bachelor thesis aims to uncover the possible causes of market failure on the Czech market hospitality. By presenting several hypotheses is described by the behavior of the supply-side and demand-side, resulting in a discrepancy between existing high demand for smoke-free restaurants and lagging supply. Verifying the validity of these hypotheses using analysis of available research and own field research; thesis attaches the share on the form of the current situation to both sides, but also to their interaction. Behavior of customers provides distorted signals, so the owners are not sufficiently motivated to make a major step towards change.
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Science and Research as an Important Positive Externality
Novák, Karel ; Musil, Martin (advisor) ; Krbová, Jana (referee)
The work focuses on the issue of research and development funding from public resources, mainly on the project funding of applied research. The aim of the work is to describe some aspects, which were brought to this area by Science, research and innovations reform approved by the Czech Government on 26th March 2008. Public intervention in this area is discussed in terms of the basic economic theories. The efficiency of public funds spending is discussed in terms of the cost-output-quality output-benefit chain. The part of the work is a comparison of the state funding of the applied research and development in the Czech Republic and other countries. The work tries to find some connections between changes in the way of assessing research quality and direction of financial flows in this area.
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Mortgage Crisis in the USA during the First Decade of the 21st Century
Osička, Štěpán ; Brada, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Čajka, Martin (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is an analysis of the contemporary mortgage crisis in the USA. The thesis consists of four sections. The first part describes historical developments of the American mortgage market with the emphasis on securitization. The second chapter deals with the market failures occurring within the securitization process. The third chapter is dedicated to the primary mortgage market, in particular to the causes of the previous credit boom, "running" house prices. Moreover, this chapter analyzes the "subprime" and "Alt-A" mortgage market, their products and practices prevailing on these markets. The last chapter is devoted to the secondary mortgage markets. The aim of this chapter is to describe how "subprime" and "Alt-A" mortgage deals were structured. The case study offers an example and its results are presented.
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Fat tax - the tool in the battle against obesity
Nedvídek, Václav ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Kuhn, Petr (referee)
Object of this thesis is fat tax. Thesis analyses theoretically causes and effects of substantial increase of obesity in last decades. It looks on the justifiability of state's intervation to the market for the reason of increasing rate of obesity and analyses pretexts for this intervation. It suggests the ideal solution of the obesity problem. It denominates the main tools of state, by which state combat against obesity and focuses theoretically and practically on the fat tax. It analyses the benefits and costs of the fat tax and comments the effectiveness of this tax on the model studies. In last chapter it analyses dependence between the fat tax and the rate of obesity in the USA.
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