|
|
Effect of species composition change of forests on the quality of litter and derived soil organic matter
Roblíková, Věra ; Jandová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
Climate change will alter the species composition of forests, which will cause changes in litter amounts and quality and potentially affect the carbon content and its stability in forest soils. With the knowledge of inputs to the biogeochemical carbon cycle, we can design methods of forest management and effectively mitigate climate change with forest cover. The aim of this thesis is to summarize information about i) change in species composition of temperate forests in Europe and the Czech Republic, ii) differences in litter amount and quality, iii) effect of litter quality on the stability of carbon in soils. I propose a master's thesis with an observational and experimental investigation of forest species change's effect on carbon content in soils. Climate change will shift species ranges northward and to higher altitudes. While species do not differ in the production of above-ground litter, they differ in the quality of above-ground litter and the quantity and quality of below-ground litter. The rate of decomposition is affected by the litter quality of tree species. Through their effect on the fauna, tree species affect the amount of carbon stored in the mineral horizon. However, the effect of litter quality on carbon stability in mineral horizons is unknown, in terms of both the density fractions of...
|
|
|
Sledování reprodukce a přírůstků hmotnosti u výstavních holandských králíků
MASOPUSTOVÁ, Vladimíra
The diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of reproduction and weight gain in exhibition Dutch pet rabbits. The breed in which the work was monitored has stably 25 females and 8 - 10 males. During the breeding season, this breed base produces approximately 370 - 400 young rabbits. In the literary part of this work is described the history and origin of rabbit breeding in our country, the breed standard Dutch black, as well as general information about the sexual system, rabbit breeding and nutrition of these animals. The practical part includes monitoring, which deals with a given number of litters for the breeding period, in which natality and mortality, weight gains, the course of rearing and the drawing of the breed are monitored. In addition, behavior, pregnancy, childbirth and litter care are observed in females in breeding. At the end of the thesis, these findings are processed and the whole breeding is evaluated according to the obtained data.
|
|
|
Analysis of Littering in the protected areas of the Czech Republic
Hejdová, Jiřina ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Kotoulová, Zdenka (referee)
The problems of litter are now getting to the forefront of attention in the realm of waste research. The phenomenon of littering is monitored especially in towns, but not so much outside the urbanized areas. Waste represents, for both esthetic and conservationist reasons, an undesirable phenomenon. This holds true for the protected areas in particular. This Master's Thesis is concerned with the analysis of litter, which should be the first step in the prevention and solution of the problems of littering. Three protected landscape areas and two national parks were chosen for this survey. Two tourist trails were selected in each protected area - the main and the minor one. The collection of litter was carried out in spring, summer and autumn. Collected waste was categorized at first and then a number of pieces, weight and volume were set for each category concerned. The largest amount of litter was collected in the National park Krkonoše and the smallest in the Protected landscape area Kokořínsko. The largest number of litter pieces is represented by cigarette waste, followed by plastic and hygienic waste. PET bottles were the most common type of litter pieces found in the category of beverage containers. Three quarters of all litter was found on the main trails. The most litter was collected in the...
|
|
|
Littering in shopping malls in Prague.
Hrstková, Jana ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Kotoulová, Zdenka (referee)
In the area waste is now getting to the forefront the issue of free discarded waste, so- called litter. Littering talking about in the context of street sweepings discarded in neutral places for them to represent an aesthetic problem in public areas. The first step in preventing and solving the problems thrown open waste should be an analysis of the waste. This thesis deals with the problem loosely thrown in the waste business centers. For the study were selected and five shopping malls in Prague. Shopping center varies different area, location and accessibility. Each business center wastes were collected in the center of all common areas and covered car parks, where the trade center underground parking lot had. Each shopping mall has been collecting conducted three times each at different times. Collected waste was categorized into several groups of material, which was subsequently weighed. Most litter was found in the shopping center Nový Smíchov, but after calculating the area of the one square kilometer was the largest amount of waste reported in Arkády Pankrác. The largest representation of the papers followed by plastic and cigarette butts. To assess Littering is necessary to define the methodology of collecting waste. Essential is the conversion of the data per unit area, to allow comparison...
|
|
|
Ecological roles of bacteria associated with plant litter
Tláskal, Vojtěch ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Seydlová, Gabriela (referee)
Leaf litter in temperate forests represents an important input of carbon into the soil. Main players in the decomposition of leaf litter are fungi and bacteria. While the role of fungi in litter decomposition was repeatedly addressed, there are just a few field studies where litter-associated bacteria were also considered. The aim of this work was to summarize available literature studying the structure and function of bacterial community during litter degradation. The nature of different possible substrates is discussed. Genetic approach is briefly outlined. Factors such as diversity, spatially distribution and abiotic factors that can influence community are also considered. It can be supposed that community composition changes with the change of litter chemistry and nutrient availability. The development of bacterial community might be driven by the decreasing availability of nutrients in litter. Labile compounds are utilised at the beginning of decomposition, while recalcitrant substrates are utilised later by specialist taxa. Members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria seem to be dominant during decomposition. Different types of relationships between fungi and bacteria also most likely influence the composition of community. This review shows that the bacterial...
|
|
|
Analýza výrobních a ekonomických ukazatelů při odchovu selat
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the reproductive performance of sows corporate program Czech PIC in a commercial breeding Ratiboř, Agricultural Cooperative Chyšky district Písek. The observed breeding herd was formed on December 31, 2016 with 119 sows and gilts. To evaluate the reproductive performance, the breeding-cows were divided into breeding sows inseminated and not inseminated, sow for 1st to 2nd litters (risk litters), 3rd to 5th litters (litter production) and for the 6th and higher. The breeding sows are frequently inseminated between 230th 269th day of life. In 2016, on average 25.2 live-born units were born per sow. The number of weaned piglets was at level of 21.8, it means the values were below the desired optimum. Good results were found in the length of intervening time (155.3 days), and the associated number of litters per sow. Sows reach 2.4 litters per year, and there is no problem with the beginning of rut after weaning. A rut mostly occurs on 4th and 5th day after weaning. The total cost for sows amounted to CZK 676,519.43 per year, when 1 kg of weaned pig costs CZK 53.75.
|
|
|
Littering in shopping malls in Prague.
Hrstková, Jana ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Kotoulová, Zdenka (referee)
In the area waste is now getting to the forefront the issue of free discarded waste, so- called litter. Littering talking about in the context of street sweepings discarded in neutral places for them to represent an aesthetic problem in public areas. The first step in preventing and solving the problems thrown open waste should be an analysis of the waste. This thesis deals with the problem loosely thrown in the waste business centers. For the study were selected and five shopping malls in Prague. Shopping center varies different area, location and accessibility. Each business center wastes were collected in the center of all common areas and covered car parks, where the trade center underground parking lot had. Each shopping mall has been collecting conducted three times each at different times. Collected waste was categorized into several groups of material, which was subsequently weighed. Most litter was found in the shopping center Nový Smíchov, but after calculating the area of the one square kilometer was the largest amount of waste reported in Arkády Pankrác. The largest representation of the papers followed by plastic and cigarette butts. To assess Littering is necessary to define the methodology of collecting waste. Essential is the conversion of the data per unit area, to allow comparison...
|
|
|
Analysis of Littering in the protected areas of the Czech Republic
Hejdová, Jiřina ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Kotoulová, Zdenka (referee)
The problems of litter are now getting to the forefront of attention in the realm of waste research. The phenomenon of littering is monitored especially in towns, but not so much outside the urbanized areas. Waste represents, for both esthetic and conservationist reasons, an undesirable phenomenon. This holds true for the protected areas in particular. This Master's Thesis is concerned with the analysis of litter, which should be the first step in the prevention and solution of the problems of littering. Three protected landscape areas and two national parks were chosen for this survey. Two tourist trails were selected in each protected area - the main and the minor one. The collection of litter was carried out in spring, summer and autumn. Collected waste was categorized at first and then a number of pieces, weight and volume were set for each category concerned. The largest amount of litter was collected in the National park Krkonoše and the smallest in the Protected landscape area Kokořínsko. The largest number of litter pieces is represented by cigarette waste, followed by plastic and hygienic waste. PET bottles were the most common type of litter pieces found in the category of beverage containers. Three quarters of all litter was found on the main trails. The most litter was collected in the...
|
|
|
Influence of different types of broiler litter on their welfare
JANA, Václav
In our country and in the world poultry meat has a higher demand because of the price, taste, simple preparation and variety of cooking. Largely broiler are produced for human consumption of meat. Their time of growing is getting shorter, because of their death-rate, we want to provide them the best quality of their living. The subject of this bachelor´s thesis is to compare two different kinds of litterin 2014 on the farm in Čekanice and their effect on the chicken broiler welfare. Technology of living, facilities, kinds of litter and dividing welfare. Comparison of litter took place on the farm in Čekanice.
|
|
| |
guest ::
