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The role of mayor in the bodies of a municipality
Kolářová, Jana ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Millerová, Ivana (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to provide information about the legal status and activities of a municipality mayor. The topic is related to the analysis of municipality organization and relations among its institutions according to the current legislation, as well as the evaluation of the position of a mayor in various situations that he may encounter during the performance of his duties. The thesis can be divided into several parts. One part consists of the first two chapters which describe the development of local governments and their current legislative framework. The next part consists of chapters Three to Five which deal with the specific functions of a mayor, his rights and obligations in various situations, the start and the end of his mandate, and the position of a deputy mayor. The last part is chapters Six and Seven which describe the legislative framework for local governments in Slovakia and the election process of a mayor there. The seventh chapter primarily deals with the problem concerning the changes in the way mayors are elected in the Czech Republic, from indirect election to a direct one. This diploma thesis is an attempt to summarize information related to the topic. It concerns various spheres of activities of a mayor, legislative framework of the function, which...
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Evolution of legal status of Native Americans with regard to their citizenship
Šaník, Jan ; Kýrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
Právní postavení amerických indiánů prošlo během historie Spojených států amerických značným vývojem, které mělo dopad nejen na jejich suverenitu, ale také na jejich společenský a politický status. Přijímané politiky týkající se Indiánů byly koncipovány tak, aby domorodí obyvatelé neohrožovali teritoriální a ekonomickou expanzi USA. Tyto politiky ovšem nerespektovaly suverenitu a práva původních obyvatel. Práce nabízí podrobnou analýzu právního vývoje amerických indiánů v období od éry kolonizace evropskými mocnostmi až po rok 1924, kdy bylo všem původním obyvatelům jednostranně uděleno americké občanství. Práce je rozdělena na tři části - první část se věnuje období od kolonizace až po založení systému rezervací, druhá kapitola se zabývá periodou asimilace a poslední část práce se zaobírá debatami ohledně občanství pro Indiány, kde je poskytnutý rozsáhlý prostor i pro myšlenky samotných Indiánů. Annotation The legal status of american Indians went through a significant evolution, which had an impact on their sovereignty as well as their social and political status. The policies applied towards the native people were designed in a way that they would not threaten territorial and economic expansion of the United States. As a result, these policies did not respect the sovereignty and rights of...
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President of the Russian Federation: legal status and factual role
Hradský, Kamil ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
President of the Russian Federation: legal status and factual role Abstract The dissertation primarily deals in five sections with a question why the President of the Russian Federation is such a powerful government body and how the Russian legal regulation participates in the factual powerful role of Russian president. The first section deals with the perspective of The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in other words it shows which fundamental issues about the president were decided by the court, what the solutions were and what the argumentation was. Individual constitutional court decisions are carefully chosen to point out the general tendency and the quality of the court argumentation. The second section is focused on the issues of the legal institute of the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President of the Russian Federation . Its current legal and factual form is determined by the effort of the President to centralize the federation and reinforce the vertical principle of exercising the state power. A critical analysis of Plenipotentiary Representatives and their supportive apparatus, which should give a clue about the way of how the presidential power is put into effect in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The explanation does not avoid issues of the federal districts,...
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The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection
Havlíková, Barbora ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Title The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection Abstract The thesis addresses the question regarding the legal status of the human embryo in European law. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate whether the embryo stands in the position of a legal object or legal subject and whether the legal status of embryo is in compliance with natural law. For this purpose the thesis firstly defines the status in the field of natural law, i.e. the moral status of embryo. Afterwards, the thesis examines the legal position of embryo in human rights protection. The thesis answers the question whether the embryo is subject of human rights documents. The legal status of embryo is analyzed in relation to the subjectivity of human rights in general as well as in relation to specific rights. The interpretation of legal terms "human being" and "everyone" contribute to a better understanding of legal status of embryo in general. The analysis of the specific rights, namely the right to life, human dignity, personal integrity and non-discrimination, shows the complexity of the potential legal subjectivity of embryo in the area of human rights. The evaluation of the legal status of human embryo in the area of human rights protection is complemented by an assessment of legal status in other...
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Legal Status of Unborn Child and Need of Its Protection in the Light of Biomedical Development
Urminská, Lucie ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
Thesis deals with the legal status of an unborn child within current Czech legislation. In the introductory part, the author attempts to clarify the way in which today's society perceives the value of human life before birth. The author looks at the moment of when life begins from different points of view and also observes artificial interferences with the prenatal development of the child, which are the phenomenon accompanying the development in human knowledge and the use of biomedical technologies. In that context, the author analyses position of the European Court of Human Rights to the issue of the beginning of human life through its decisions. The core theme of the thesis is the analysis of the legal status of unborn child in the Czech Republic and of the protection granted by international and national legislation to the unborn child. The author particularly focuses on private law by examining the relevant provisions of the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, as amended, which determine the legal status of the nasciturus. Among the crucial institutes to which attention is paid belongs legal personality, legal capacity, but also, for example, legal representation of the nasciturus. Further, the rights and the duties of the nasciturus are discussed, giving more detailed attention to the...
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President of the Russian Federation: legal status and factual role
Hradský, Kamil ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
President of the Russian Federation: legal status and factual role Abstract The dissertation primarily deals in five sections with a question why the President of the Russian Federation is such a powerful government body and how the Russian legal regulation participates in the factual powerful role of Russian president. The first section deals with the perspective of The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in other words it shows which fundamental issues about the president were decided by the court, what the solutions were and what the argumentation was. Individual constitutional court decisions are carefully chosen to point out the general tendency and the quality of the court argumentation. The second section is focused on the issues of the legal institute of the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President of the Russian Federation . Its current legal and factual form is determined by the effort of the President to centralize the federation and reinforce the vertical principle of exercising the state power. A critical analysis of Plenipotentiary Representatives and their supportive apparatus, which should give a clue about the way of how the presidential power is put into effect in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The explanation does not avoid issues of the federal districts,...
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The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection
Havlíková, Barbora ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Title The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection Abstract The thesis addresses the question regarding the legal status of the human embryo in European law. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate whether the embryo stands in the position of a legal object or legal subject and whether the legal status of embryo is in compliance with natural law. For this purpose the thesis firstly defines the status in the field of natural law, i.e. the moral status of embryo. Afterwards, the thesis examines the legal position of embryo in human rights protection. The thesis answers the question whether the embryo is subject of human rights documents. The legal status of embryo is analyzed in relation to the subjectivity of human rights in general as well as in relation to specific rights. The interpretation of legal terms "human being" and "everyone" contribute to a better understanding of legal status of embryo in general. The analysis of the specific rights, namely the right to life, human dignity, personal integrity and non-discrimination, shows the complexity of the potential legal subjectivity of embryo in the area of human rights. The evaluation of the legal status of human embryo in the area of human rights protection is complemented by an assessment of legal status in other...
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Legal Status of Unborn Child and Need of Its Protection in the Light of Biomedical Development
Urminská, Lucie ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
Thesis deals with the legal status of an unborn child within current Czech legislation. In the introductory part, the author attempts to clarify the way in which today's society perceives the value of human life before birth. The author looks at the moment of when life begins from different points of view and also observes artificial interferences with the prenatal development of the child, which are the phenomenon accompanying the development in human knowledge and the use of biomedical technologies. In that context, the author analyses position of the European Court of Human Rights to the issue of the beginning of human life through its decisions. The core theme of the thesis is the analysis of the legal status of unborn child in the Czech Republic and of the protection granted by international and national legislation to the unborn child. The author particularly focuses on private law by examining the relevant provisions of the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, as amended, which determine the legal status of the nasciturus. Among the crucial institutes to which attention is paid belongs legal personality, legal capacity, but also, for example, legal representation of the nasciturus. Further, the rights and the duties of the nasciturus are discussed, giving more detailed attention to the...
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President of the Russian Federation: legal status and factual role
Hradský, Kamil ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee) ; Svatoň, Jan (referee)
President of the Russian Federation: legal status and factual role Abstract The dissertation primarily deals in five sections with a question why the President of the Russian Federation is such a powerful government body and how the Russian legal regulation participates in the factual powerful role of Russian president. The first section deals with the perspective of The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in other words it shows which fundamental issues about the president were decided by the court, what the solutions were and what the argumentation was. Individual constitutional court decisions are carefully chosen to point out the general tendency and the quality of the court argumentation. The second section is focused on the issues of the legal institute of the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President of the Russian Federation . Its current legal and factual form is determined by the effort of the President to centralize the federation and reinforce the vertical principle of exercising the state power. A critical analysis of Plenipotentiary Representatives and their supportive apparatus, which should give a clue about the way of how the presidential power is put into effect in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The explanation does not avoid issues of the federal districts,...
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The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection
Havlíková, Barbora ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
Title The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection Abstract The thesis addresses the question regarding the legal status of the human embryo in European law. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate whether the embryo stands in the position of a legal object or legal subject and whether the legal status of embryo is in compliance with natural law. For this purpose the thesis firstly defines the status in the field of natural law, i.e. the moral status of embryo. Afterwards, the thesis examines the legal position of embryo in human rights protection. The thesis answers the question whether the embryo is subject of human rights documents. The legal status of embryo is analyzed in relation to the subjectivity of human rights in general as well as in relation to specific rights. The interpretation of legal terms "human being" and "everyone" contribute to a better understanding of legal status of embryo in general. The analysis of the specific rights, namely the right to life, human dignity, personal integrity and non-discrimination, shows the complexity of the potential legal subjectivity of embryo in the area of human rights. The evaluation of the legal status of human embryo in the area of human rights protection is complemented by an assessment of legal status in other...
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