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Cycling Mechanism/Linguistic Fluidity
Dlabaja, Martin ; Lungová, Barbora (referee) ; Sterec, Pavel (advisor)
The main purpose of this work is to show relative scales of temperature changes during holocene and pleistocene [1.] using evaluated combined data sets from Greenland Ice Core Project and Vostok Ice Core project [2.]. Projects are researching values of CO2 in atmosphere using deep drills into sedimentary ice sheet layers corresponding in its maximum depth (approx. 3 km) to 800 kyr BP [3.] Values of CO2 correlates with temperature [4.]. Then we can lay out different cultural peak events on weather background and analyze the influence of temperature changes on rise and fall of empires, (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Shang, Indus, Rome) or study dramatic extinction events (Younger Dryas), watch the very beginning of culture in Fertile Crescent to witch trials in european “dark ages” in very close and evident correlation to weather change. Second goal is introduction to perceiving deep time as such.Third would be to raise questions and discussion about our own supposedly rigid timeline given to us by archeology by purposefully picked events such as meltwater pulses in Younger Dryas. (Lost cultures in Younger Dryas? Boloid impacts? Immediate emergence of writing systems without any proto evidence?) Of course a point of this work I didn’t mention is to present scientific data in aesthetically pleasing and effective way. These researches can be really “mind-blowing” if presented thoughtfully, (here in a way that is both attractive and shows scales and impact on our present day in a context of a global warming), but stays hidden from common knowledge due to for some “sterile” presentation in data sheets, which can be hard to read and make sense out of for people missing context.
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Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area
Minářová, Jana ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Šmídová, Jana (referee)
Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area Abstract The aim of this work is to study the climatology of atmospheric precipitation in the studied area situated in the Northeastern France. Factors, e.g. the global circulation of the atmosphere, that influence the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the mid-latitudes, especially in Western Europe and in mountainous regions, are discussed from the macro- to micro- scale in the first part. The term "ombric continentality" is clarified and a description of the physical geography of the studied area is performed, e.g. upward and windward asymmetry of Vosges slopes and contrasts between the mountain range and the Upper Rhine Plain. Secondly a demonstration is made that the Vosges mountain range affects, due to its position, the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation at a regional scale. This is carried out by computing the daily rainfall on 14 meteorological stations out of the period 1951-2011. Three categories of stations were determined according to their annual precipitation repartition: (i) mountain stations with the winter precipitation maximum, (ii) leeward slope stations with two precipitation maxima, i.e. in winter and summer and (iii) leeward stations located in the Upper Rhine Plain East...
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A climatological view of atmospheric fronts
Švábek, David ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Gvoždíková, Blanka (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on a climatological view of atmospheric fronts, which in middle latitudes greatly determine weather and its changes. Scientific literature is reviewed in the text, accompanied by manifestations of atmospheric fronts in a global and local scale for the areas of western and especially central Europe, whereas connection with temperatures, precipitation and other meteorological elements and it's long-term changes are emphasised. Further, the thesis is focused on problems connected with atmospheric fronts detection which is directly related to the most common places of occurence. The objective of the practical part is an analysis of the atmospheric fronts passages over the Praha-Ruzyně meteorological station during twenty year period from 1. 12. 2000 to 30. 11. 2020 with emphasis on winter and summer months. Key words: atmospheric fronts, climatology, temperature, precipitation, climate variability
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Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area
Minářová, Jana
Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area Abstract The aim of this work is to study the climatology of atmospheric precipitation in the studied area situated in the Northeastern France. Factors, e.g. the global circulation of the atmosphere, that influence the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the mid-latitudes, especially in Western Europe and in mountainous regions, are discussed from the macro- to micro- scale in the first part. The term "ombric continentality" is clarified and a description of the physical geography of the studied area is performed, e.g. upward and windward asymmetry of Vosges slopes and contrasts between the mountain range and the Upper Rhine Plain. Secondly a demonstration is made that the Vosges mountain range affects, due to its position, the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation at a regional scale. This is carried out by computing the daily rainfall on 14 meteorological stations out of the period 1951-2011. Three categories of stations were determined according to their annual precipitation repartition: (i) mountain stations with the winter precipitation maximum, (ii) leeward slope stations with two precipitation maxima, i.e. in winter and summer and (iii) leeward stations located in the Upper Rhine Plain East...
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Analysis of Selected Climatological Time Series
Kraitz, Petr ; Helman, Karel (advisor) ; Šimpach, Ondřej (referee)
Dissertation is focused on analysis of time series of monthly mean temperatures of seven meteorological stations between years 1960 to 2015. With the use of selected statistical methods time series are modelled in moving ten year long intervals and a forecast of elevenths year is constructed. The goal of this dissertation is to compare the success of different methods/models predictions of values for one year period, based on the data from last 10 years.
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Statistical downscaling of extreme temperature values
Krejčová, Zuzana ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Mikšovský, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with statistical downscaling of extréme temperature values. In first section describes two type sof downscaling- dynamical and statistical. All the examples are listed and described variol methods to simulation chmate elements, in particular temperatures and precipitation. Then there asre the linea rand non-linear methods were compared and the results of previous studies deals with this problem. These studies address not only daily or monthly average values, but also extréme. Extreme values are more difficult to simulate. In my thesis, I focus on downscaling of extréme temperature using linear regression. I focused on the are sof Europe, where I chose 10 stations, which cover variol chmate of Europe. Extreme values to every season, the lowest in winter and the highest in summer. The aim of this thesis was determine whether i tis appropriate to use to simulate extreme temperature seasonal average values in the free atmosphere. Key words: downscaling, statistical downscaling, extreme temperature, climate simulation
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Climatology of temperature lapse rate in the lower and middle troposphere
Venclová, Markéta ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Sedlák, Pavel (referee)
Klimatologie vertikálního teplotního gradientu ve spodní a střední troposféře Climatology of temperature lapse rate in the lower and middle troposphere Abstract The main objective of this thesis is synoptic-climatological analysis of the temperature lapse rate (γ) in the lower and middle troposphere above the boundary layer at mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere. The main part of the background research summarizes current knowledge about the mechanism of air temperature change with altitude, the effect of water vapour on γ, and stability conditions in the atmosphere. Radiation and net radiation are discussed to be one of the key factors influencing the behaviour of γ. The following chapter is summarizing findings about temporal and spatial variability of γ. The analysis of γ calculated from 850 and 300 hPa radiosounding data from Praha-Libuš is the core of this thesis. Results were used to describe annual variation of γ. Daily variation was not observed at this altitude. Further, the relationship of γ with air flow direction and Hess-Brezowsky synoptic types was analysed. The results show that the air flow direction and the synoptic situations together with the radiation and the humidity of atmosphere influence the value of γ. Based on the analogous analysis of γ in Poprad-Gánovce were results from...
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Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area
Minářová, Jana
Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area Abstract The aim of this work is to study the climatology of atmospheric precipitation in the studied area situated in the Northeastern France. Factors, e.g. the global circulation of the atmosphere, that influence the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the mid-latitudes, especially in Western Europe and in mountainous regions, are discussed from the macro- to micro- scale in the first part. The term "ombric continentality" is clarified and a description of the physical geography of the studied area is performed, e.g. upward and windward asymmetry of Vosges slopes and contrasts between the mountain range and the Upper Rhine Plain. Secondly a demonstration is made that the Vosges mountain range affects, due to its position, the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation at a regional scale. This is carried out by computing the daily rainfall on 14 meteorological stations out of the period 1951-2011. Three categories of stations were determined according to their annual precipitation repartition: (i) mountain stations with the winter precipitation maximum, (ii) leeward slope stations with two precipitation maxima, i.e. in winter and summer and (iii) leeward stations located in the Upper Rhine Plain East...
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Influence of weather and climate on Ips typographus calamities in Šumava mountains
Tůma, Lukáš ; Sládek, Ivan (advisor) ; Kožnarová, Věra (referee)
European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) is a natural forest pest that feeds on coniferous trees, mainly on spruce. Previous studies showed that population growth of bark beetle is supported by warm and dry weather and hindered by cold and humid weather. Temperature affects development rates and influences the number of generations bark beetle may produce during one season; furthermore, it affects survival rates during the winter. Low precipitation leads to water stress of spruce trees which become more prone to bark beetle infestation. High precipitation promotes growth of mold and other natural enemies of bark beetle. The aim of the experimental part of this thesis was to analyze the relationship between population dynamics of bark beetle and weather, using data from the Šumava national park. Data did not show a significant effect of temperature and precipitation on the population growth rate of bark beetle. The growth rate was significantly correlated only with the abundance of bark beetle in the previous year. For further examination of population dynamics of bark beetle in connection with climate characteristics, it would be required to obtain better and more long-term data on bark beetle abundance; harvested bark beetle wood may be influenced by a variety of interfering (e.g....
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Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area
Minářová, Jana ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Šmídová, Jana (referee)
Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Vosges mountain range area Abstract The aim of this work is to study the climatology of atmospheric precipitation in the studied area situated in the Northeastern France. Factors, e.g. the global circulation of the atmosphere, that influence the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the mid-latitudes, especially in Western Europe and in mountainous regions, are discussed from the macro- to micro- scale in the first part. The term "ombric continentality" is clarified and a description of the physical geography of the studied area is performed, e.g. upward and windward asymmetry of Vosges slopes and contrasts between the mountain range and the Upper Rhine Plain. Secondly a demonstration is made that the Vosges mountain range affects, due to its position, the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation at a regional scale. This is carried out by computing the daily rainfall on 14 meteorological stations out of the period 1951-2011. Three categories of stations were determined according to their annual precipitation repartition: (i) mountain stations with the winter precipitation maximum, (ii) leeward slope stations with two precipitation maxima, i.e. in winter and summer and (iii) leeward stations located in the Upper Rhine Plain East...
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