|
| |
|
|
Haptic as a means of interspecific communication between dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and human
Jurásková, Karolína ; Santariová, Milena (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
Even though haptics is an integral constituent of the intraspecific communication between man and dog, it is studied in lesser extent to its sibling disciplines. This paper consolidates existing findings about means of tactile communication man and dog demonstrate when engaged in reciprocal sharing of information. The complexity of intraspecific communication between these two species is quite unique and mostly enabled by the evolutionary processes of domestication, which in effect made dogs more adapt to understanding human signalling more tightly than what is the case for other primates. Given how the dog and the man use haptics withing the bounds of intraspecific communication, the relationship evolved beyond it and towards the realm of relational interactions. Let us then, characterize the individual types of signals and their meanings. Tactile signals find their use in both the everyday life and during a training by a professional. Touch can be used as negative and positive reinforcement. It can be stressful to the dog if perceived negatively or calming if perceived positively. Relaxational effects of tactile contact is also used by a form of rehabilitation called animal assisted therapy. Given the variability of haptic stimuli, both acting species can manifest a plethora of...
|
|
|
Communication Skills of Apes with Humans
Valterová, Bára ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
This work is a literature search on the ability of apes to communicate not only among themselves but especially with people. Its goal is to clear up the level of this communication ability as well as to discuss different ways how to teach apes such communication. The introduction deals with the systematics of the superfamily Hominoidea and the specific characteristics of its groups. Next part is about the level of the apes' intraspecific (ape-to-ape) communication and their ability of logical thinking. The main part of the work consists of a detailed study of particular experimental projects dedicated to the abilities of apes to communicate with humans. These projects were trying to teach apes to speak English (e.g. project Gua) or to teach them an artificial language (e.g. project Sarah) or to teach them American Sign Language for deaf-mute people (e.g. project Washoe). The studied projects show that at least some apes educated in captivity are able to understand spoken English and to actively use the sign language or a graphic symbol based language. They can use hundreds of signs in such languages, they are likely to use a simple grammar and they are able to put together sentences with more than three words. Moreover, they are able to create new terms on their own, to categorize and to use...
|
|
| |
guest ::
