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Ecotoxicity of cholesterol-lowering-drugs
Königsmarková, Kristýna ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological testing of blood cholesterol lowering drugs. At first it considers the issue from a theoretical point of view – describes the effect of residual drugs on the environment, the distribution of hypolipidemics, the risks of elevated cholesterol, then deals with ecotoxicology and introduces the principles of ecotoxicological testing. In the experimental part, these following drugs were tested: Corsim, Atoris, Lipanthyl Supra, Lipanthyl 267M. In addition, clofibric acid – the metabolite of fibrates was tested. Residues of these drugs are found mainly in the aquatic ecosystem, that is why tests of aquatic organisms have been used to evaluate ecotoxicity. Test organisms were Thamnocephalus platyurus, Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri. LC50, EC50 and IC50 values were determined on the basis of test results. Using these values, the ecotoxicity of the above mentioned hypolipidemics was evaluated.
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Fotochemická degradace hypolipidemika atorvastatinu s využitím heterogenní fotokatalýzy.
VONEŠOVÁ, Adéla
The Bachelor s thesis is focused on hypolipidemic drugs statins and their representative atorvastatin. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the function of statins is introduced, studies about statins toxicity for freshwater organisms are presented, fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis are explained and examples of usage of the method for pollutants degradation are given. Experimental part presents kinetics of atorvastatin degradation on TiO2 photocatalyst and a test of toxicity of atorvastatin photoproducts on a water plant (Lemna minor).
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Statiny - jejich použití, mechanismus účinku, vedlejší efekty. Atorvastatin a možnosti jeho fotochemické degradace v přírodních vodách.
PETRÁŇOVÁ, Pavla
The Bachelor´s thesis deals with a group of hypolipidemic drugs, statins. In the theoretical part, their development, characteristics, mechanism of action and side effects are presented. The experimental part is focused on one representant of statins, atorvastatin, its possible photochemical degradation in aqueous solution under light conditions relevant to natural waters, and a potential toxic effect of atorvastatin itself and of the mixture of products of atorvastatin photochemical degradation on a water plant Lemna minor.
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Analysis of spontaneous adverse events reports of hypolipidemics
Škabradová, Anežka ; Malá, Kateřina (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
Analysis of spontaneous adverse events reports of hypolipidemics Author: Anežka Škabradová Supervisor: PharmDr. Kateřina Malá, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction: Hypolipidemic drugs are widely used in today's medicine and their consumption is still rising. Besides all benefits, their usage includes also some risks that needs to be reconsidered regularly. Analysis of spontaneous adverse effects (AEs) reports contributes to a safer therapy by detecting especially serious and unexpected adverse drug reactions. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to analyse spontaneous adverse events reports of hypolipidemic drugs, which were sent to the State Institute for Drug Control (SÚKL) database in the period from June 2004 to October 2017. Methods: The data obtained from SÚKL during the above mentioned period was analysed using descriptive statistics. The frequency of occurrence of certain AEs, which were categorized according to MedDRA and distinguished by hypolipidemics, was analysed, as well as their severity and expectability. Part of the analysis was for example also by whom was the report submitted and which way they used to submit it. Results: Overall 290 reports were obtained,...
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Treatment of lower extremity peripheral artery disease
Juhász, Jan ; Hrdina, Radomír (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Jan Juhász Supervisor: Prof. MUDr. Radomír Hrdina, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Treatment of lower extremity peripheral artery disease The lower extremities ischemia is a disease caused most often by atherosclerosis during which the lumen in lower limb arteries becomes narrow. Its prevalence is increasing, especially in the developed countries. The disease can be asymptomatic and symptomatic. The symptoms are very unpleasant and decrease patient's quality of life. Advanced stages of the disease may be life threatening. Therefore, it is vital to timely and correctly diagnose the illness. During the therapy, it is possible to use pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological procedures, and, preferably, a combination of the two types of treatment. The pharmacotherapy can be divided into several parts. The prevention of atherosclerotic complications makes use of preventive measures and antiplatelet therapy to reduce the cardiovascular risk. The symptoms therapy focuses on improving patients' quality of life by prescribing the vasoactive medications cilostazol, naftidrofuryl or pentoxifylin. The critical limb ischemia therapy uses prostaglandin analogues alprostadil, iloprost, limaprost or...
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Pharmacotherapy of metabolic syndrome and nutrition
Nesvadbová, Eliška ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Bartošová, Olga (referee)
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is considered a proatherogenic, proinflammatory and prothrombogenic condition, high-risk especially in terms of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Presence of metabolic syndrome is connected with plenty of other disorders. The prevalence in adult European population is 20-30 % and it's expected to rise in the future. In metabolic syndrome treatment and prevention non-pharmacological therapy including regular physical activity, keeping of optimal weight and rational diet has essential importance. Principle of pharmacotherapy is a choice of optimal antidiabetics, hypolipidemics, antihypertensives and eventually anti-obesity drugs. For long-term compensation of metabolic syndrome, pharmacotherapy of associated diseases is also essential. Some medicaments can have negative effects on glycemia, blood lipids, body weight or blood pressure, so the choice of medication isn't always easy. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis includes the description of pharmacotherapy of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases in questioned patients. The research is focused on medicaments and combinations of medicaments with positive effect on metabolic syndrome components, and also on substances potentially inappropriate for patients with metabolic syndrome. The secondary...
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Ecotoxicity of cholesterol-lowering-drugs
Königsmarková, Kristýna ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological testing of blood cholesterol lowering drugs. At first it considers the issue from a theoretical point of view – describes the effect of residual drugs on the environment, the distribution of hypolipidemics, the risks of elevated cholesterol, then deals with ecotoxicology and introduces the principles of ecotoxicological testing. In the experimental part, these following drugs were tested: Corsim, Atoris, Lipanthyl Supra, Lipanthyl 267M. In addition, clofibric acid – the metabolite of fibrates was tested. Residues of these drugs are found mainly in the aquatic ecosystem, that is why tests of aquatic organisms have been used to evaluate ecotoxicity. Test organisms were Thamnocephalus platyurus, Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri. LC50, EC50 and IC50 values were determined on the basis of test results. Using these values, the ecotoxicity of the above mentioned hypolipidemics was evaluated.
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