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Využití kombinovaného hnojiva ve výživě pšenice ozimé
Moravanský, Jakub
The aim of this work is the utilization of combined fertilizer in winter wheat nutrition. The experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2020-2021; 2021-2022) at the experimental site in Žabčice. The examined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS was applied in early spring in two doses (54 kg/ha N and 30 kg/ha N). As a control treatment, the common nitrogen technology was used with the application of LAD 27 fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg/ha N. Additional fertilization of every treatment during the vegetation was identical. (LAD 27: 65 kg/ha N; DAM 390: 40 kg/ha N). The application of the combined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS in full dose positively influenced the growth, yield and grain quality of winter wheat. The plant analysis during the vegetation showed a statistically significant effect of fertilization by full dose of FertiTOP 44 NPS on dry weight. There was also increase in grain yield in both years under study (+0.6 t/ha in 2021; +0.3 t/ha in 2022). At the same time, the protein content increased (+0.5% in 2021; +1.1% in 2022). For gluten content, the results were similar to the control. For the sedimentation parameter, an increase was observed in both years (+3.5 ml in 2021; +7 ml in 2022). These results are indicating that the application of phosphorus, sulphur and trace elements in winter wheat nutrition improves the baking quality of the grain.
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The importance of root exudates for crop cultivation under climate change
Schnürer, Oliver ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Root exudates are compounds secreted by plant roots that can help plants, for example, to obtain nutrients from the soil or to increase their resistance to biotic stress. Root exudates can thus hide a great potential that can be used in agriculture. As human population grows, there is increasing pressure on agriculture, which must provide enough food to feed the global population, thus ensuring food security. Until now, agricultural activity has tried to satisfy this demand by intensification of agriculture, mainly by breeding highly productive crops when using intensive fertilizing, but the theoretical possible benefits of root exudates in breeding remained overlooked. Intensive farming practices can further exacerbate the impacts of ongoing climate change, for example by increasing soil carbon mineralization or reducing biodiversity. By using root exudates in the production of crops, it will be possible to achieve a higher nutrient content in soil, as well as a higher resistance of crops to pests, without the aforementioned negative impacts of intensive agriculture. In this work, I tried to describe the main functions of root exudates, their reaction to increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, their stress response caused by stressors of climate change and their theoretical use in...
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Hodnocení výnosových prvků lineárních a hybridních odrůd pšenice ozimé (Triticum aestivum)
ŠÍR, Josef
This diploma thesis is focused on the subject of winter wheat, specifically on the field of its use, agrotechnical requirements, growth phases, fertilization, weeds in its growth and the creation of economic yield. The aim of the work is to compare the yield elements of selected linear and hybrid varieties of winter wheat. For this purpose, an attempt was set up on the school farm of secondary school of agricul-ture in Tábor with the linear varieties Chiron, Atuan, Ascaban, Pirueta and the hy-brid varieties Hyking, Hybiza, Hyvento, Hydrock, Sofru, when during the vegeta-tion time was determined and evaluated seed density, the number of ears before harvest, the number of grains in an ear and the grain yield achieved.
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Applying new approaches in potato crop nutrition
RŮŽIČKA, Jan
The main objective of the bachelor thesis was to conduct a literature review in the field of fertilization and nutrition of the potato plant and to collect and sort information on new approaches used in potato cultivation. The thesis describes the methods of fertilization and nutrition with organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers (including essential elements) and their effect on potato growth and quality. Furthermore, the possibilities of using microbial and biochemical approaches to improve potato nutrition and their advantages or disadvantages are presented. The paper also presents opportunities to improve fertilizer use and minimize negative environmental impacts using new technologies and innovative practices. Finally, three practical examples from potato farms are presented.
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The influence of water regime and management on the productive capacity of grassland
JANDA, Jiří
The first part of the thesis is devoted to the distribution, importance of permanent grasslands, proper management of grasslands and maintenance of optimal water regime. Water is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth and therefore its availability affects the quantity and quality of biomass produced. The literature on water regime such as rainfall, soil permeability, ground water availability and its effect on grassland production capacity is reviewed. Management techniques such as fertilization and tillage that can help maintain a suitable water and nutrient regi-me for the grassland are also described. In the second and third parts of the thesis, the results of investigating grazed and mown grassland under different water regime and animal load are presented. Furthermore, the climatic conditions of the site are described. The botanical condition of the grassland is elaborated. The influence of the load and water regime on the condition and productivity of the grassland under study is eva-luated. As the water regime increased, the cover of valuable grasses and clovers decreased and the proportion of reticulate and sedge species increased. Measures (fertilization and amendments) were proposed to improve the species composition of the vegetation.
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Porovnání různých způsobů hnojení a přihnojování okrasných dřevin ve školce
Brejchová, Lucie
The thesis deals with the issue of plant nutrition, fertilization, and additional fertilization of ornamental tree species in the nursery and provides an overview of the range of fertilizers that can be used just for nursery production. The tree production methods in the ornamental tree nursery have been described and part of the work is dedicated to substrates, plant pots and irrigation. In addition, attention is paid to the nutrient intake by plants and the demands of ornamental tree species on nutrients. The work is also dedicated to the fertilizing systems when growing tree species in pots and in free soil.
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Možnosti ovlivnění kvality sladu a jeho uplatnění ve výrobě piva
Podaný, Adam
In the literary part of the thesis are information about the possibilities of influencing the quality of malt and its application in the beer production. In the practical part we explored the effect of nitrogen and sulphur on quality of malt. The results of small-plot field trials established on plots of the Agrospol agricultural enterprise in 2012 in Velká Bystřic we can see the positive effect of applied N and S fertilizers on the quality of the malt produced from the grain of spring barley variety Bojos. Nitrogen and sulfur fertilization improved grain germination. The grain of the variant fertilized with N and N + S - fertilizers had faster germination. Sulfate sulfur increased the starch content in the grain. The amount of extract in malt corresponded with the starch content in barley grain. Also content of the proteins is corresponded with doses of the nitrogen fertilizers.
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