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Climate change and conflict in Africa - case study Darfur
Donkoh, Bright
The aim of the thesis is to analyse possible relationship between the climate change, conflict and security level in Darfur, Sudan. The prevalence of drought, inconsistency in rainfall, desertification and other consequences ensuing from environmental changes weaken the adaptability capacity of the African continent. The Earth's climate has changed throughout the history of man. In the last 650,000 years, there have been seven cycles of glacial movement and retreat coupled with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago which marked the beginning of the modern climate era and of human civilization and development. The indicators of climate change in Darfur deepened in 1980s when the region observed a severe famine and drought, as a result more people are competing for access to land, water and other natural resources in Darfur region. During 2003, the conflict turned to be an armed conflict among the various tribes over natural resources, particularly water and land. Individuals in Darfur have been devastated by war, and its aftermath has been sorrowful story of suffering, displacement, death, among others. Simultaneously, the war has become one of the most distorted and misunderstood conflicts in history of recent years. Experts and activists have oversimplified the causes of the conflict, slighting its historical and systemic origins. The study examined the extent to which conflicts are erupted as a result of geographical variations, thus climate change. This is especially using the Darfur region as a case study. A case study method was adopted to better enable the researcher to meet the intended research objectives for this study. Through this study, it has been shown that deterioration in the climate and environment alone may not lead to conflict, as local populations have learned to adapt to their environments. This is when it becomes associated with other social, economic and political factors that aggravate scarcity that conflict become more probable.
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The collectivization in Kazakhstan: the emergence, problems and impact on Kazakh population
Michal, Vojtěch ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Jordanová, Anna (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on collectivization in Kazakhstan and its consequences in this autonomous soviet socialistic republic. At the beginning of the thesis, principles, problems and process of collectivization generally in Soviet Union are described. Afterwards, the collectivization and sedentarization of nomads in Kazakhstan is presented and analyzed. The thesis also focuses on main problems of collectivization in Kazakh ASSR, consequences of it and discovers the main reasons why collectivization ended up as such a catastrophe with famine killing 1,5 million people and making other 1 million emigrate. In the end, the thesis answers a question, whether this outcome of collectivization was intended or not.
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Reflection of the Great Famine in Ukraine (1932 - 1933) in modern foreign policy of the Russian Federation and Ukraine.
Hynková, Gabriela ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Zilynskyj, Bohdan (referee)
This thesis deals with current foreign policy of the Russian Federation under the Presidents Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev, specifically with one of its components, which is soft power. This is an issue of shared history between the Russian Federation and Ukraine and it focuses on the impact of the use of common historical experience in Ukraine. The thesis includes a lot of various interpretations of the Ukrainian famine between 1932 and 1933, which had arisen in 1930s and have been developing over the decades and which in the present days, form the basis of Russian and Ukrainian perspective of "the famine period". Important are the 90s when Russia after the Soviet Union's collapse had big issue with self-identification. Ukrainians, on the contrary, during 90s were trying to create a "Ukrainian national identity". Period (1928 - 1953) was the most formative for Ukraine. This period represents the most tragic era in the history of Ukraine and one of the most profoundly influential in the formation of contemporary thinking about the modern nation and its relationship to the past. Since 2000 Ukraine and the Russian Federation are disputes about whether it was a common tragedy, famine and even genocide. It also deals with the current controversy over whether famine can be considered as a genocide...
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The biblical and extra-biblical view on the Exodus
Bíca, Josef ; Melmuk, Petr (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
It can be said that the whole issue of exodus looks at the thing like this: It is not excluded that such events occurred, when a wave of Hebrews were looking for a better life ( and some of them were streaming from Egypt ). Miraculous signs and symbols, epidemics and wounds, death and the spectacular deliverance- as they are filed in the biblical messages- nothing of the sort happened exactly.
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Lahovice in sources of collective character 17th-19th century.
Smítková, Alena ; Ebelová, Ivana (advisor) ; Woitschová, Klára (referee)
The thesis "Lahovice in sources of collective character 17.-19. century" treats informations from the register of births, marriages and deaths of the church St. James the Greater in Zbraslav in 1652-1800 years. The purpose of this thesis next to basic demographical data is the first name question - what or who had a bearing on this selection. Here are writing out all first names of this time together with the main factors, which have been able to decide on bearing the first name.
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Climatic Changes After The Eruption of Tambora in 1815
Zhao, Shuran ; Soukupová, Jana (advisor) ; Bašta, Petr (referee)
Volcanic activities belongs to the most common natural events on this planet. They are as old as our planet. Some volcanoes have very long life cycle, their interval of eruptions can be up to tens or hundreds of thousands years. In general, the long interval the large eruption. The super-eruptions on VEI 8 are able to destroy the whole human civilization on the world. Fortunately this kind of eruptions is very rare from the human perspective.
Other weaker eruptions happen more frequently. Human civilization experienced an eruption of VEI 7 in 1815, which was the biggest eruption during last 10 000 years and led to global cooling and famine. That was the biggest volcanic eruption in human history, eruption of volcano Tambora in 1815.
Tambora during its eruption released a tremendous amount of magma and volcanic gases. It has been unsurpassed till now. It had severe consequences, many people were killed by the eruption but even more people died as a result of diseases or starvation related to eruption. In next 2 to 3 years after eruption, Northern Hemisphere was in an unstable condition. A huge amount of volcanic gases and ash released by this eruption was transported into stratosphere that led to global cooling. Just the cooling destroyed many fields and killed lots of people. So that year 1816 get a name as year without summer. In my work I collected information and data of weather during 1815 to 1817 around Northern Hemisphere to compare them and to find out whether the eruption changed the climate after 1815. Many sources recorded an unusual weather in North America, Asia and Europe. In these years, it was always cloudy and persistently rained. The Czech lands were also affected by this eruption. Many Czech sources recorded cold weather in 1815-1817 that related with widespread rise in price of agricultural products. It undoubtedly worsened the already grave situation.
Such these eruptions are big threat to human civilization. We cannot avoid them, but we can reduce the consequences to a minimum by monitoring volcanoes and their activities.
The aim of this work is describe the climatic changes accompanied with the big volcanic eruption of 1815 and its consequences. I am trying to restoring the details of volcanic eruption. My aim is to draw attention to the danger of volcanic activity and the importance of monitoring volcanoes.
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The food problem in Latin America
Ahrafenina, Kseniia ; Kuna, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part is devoted to the concepts and causes of food problem in general. In the practical part was given the social, geographic and economic characteristics of Latin America. Also was analysed the food problem in Latin America and were made suggests how to improve the food problem in this region.
Currently, the food problem is a very hot topic in the world as well as in some regions. Hunger and poverty are socio-economic problems, which combine with the food problem. There are many different causes of food problem. All causes can be separated into two groups: causes related to human activity and unrelated. The main causes associated with human activities are causes of population, poverty, religious causes, political conflicts, and the causes associated with nature: global warming and soil degradation. Natural causes unrelated to human activity have the primary influence on agricultural production. Various natural disasters and climate change can not be affected by people.
In order to solve the food problem requires the intervention of international organizations for providing financial and food assistance to those affected countries. A major role in the solution this issue plays mutual cooperation between countries around the world.
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Elimination of consequences of famine in North Korea
Horák, Petr ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Volenec, Otakar (referee)
Elimination of consequences of humanitarian crisis is generally a complicated process. Especially, in countries whose goverments are not able to secure convenient conditions for humanitarian workers' activities. This is also the case of North Korea, which was struck by famine in 90's. Although, the country is still suffering from structural problems and has been accepting humanitarian aid on a long time basis, the attitude of the government towards any cooperation with international organizations is complicated. Inspite of the fact that there has been a significant progress and improvement in agriculture, DPRK still remains vulnerable to swinging production. This is caused by abrupt weather changes. The thesis summarizes the causes of the crisis and evaluates up to now results of DPRK on its way to reach food security.
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