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Analytical parameters for the determination of anti-HCV and HCV antigen
SCHOVANCOVÁ, Zuzana
Hepatitis C is a global health problem that affects millions of people and is a major cause of liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the asymptomatic course of many infections, effective laboratory diagnosis is needed. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to perform a comparative analysis of two diagnostic methods for the detection of anti-HCV and HCV antigen in serum and plasma samples from patients and to assess their diagnostic accuracy by comparison with quantitative PCR and specific immunoblotting. The methods used in the study were chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) on the Architect i2000SR and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) on the Cobas Pure. The scientific contribution of this thesis lies in the evaluation and description of the diagnostic performance and limitations of both test methods in laboratory practice, which may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis of hepatitis C and possible improvement of diagnostic procedures, which has important implications for clinical practice, especially in relation to the selection of the appropriate diagnostic method depending on the clinical context of the patient.
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Risk behaviour of people who inject drugs following treatment of hepatits C
Sedláková, Tereza ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: In Czech Republic, 75-100 % of people newly diagnosed with hepatitis C type (VHC) are people who inject drugs (PWID). Currently, available treatment with direct-acting antiviral medicines without significant adverse side effects is fully covered by insurance. However, there is a risk of reinfection and insurance companies usually don't reimburse further treatment anymore. Aim: The aim of this study is to map and describe the development of risk behaviours in clients of low-threshold treatment programmes of the SEMIRAMIS and Laxus organisations (LSA partners) who have received treatment for hepatitis C. The research focuses on the circumstances of treatment, particularly barriers and supports to entry and the actual course of treatment. The sub-objectives are: to map the socio-economic situation of clients, to approximate patterns of use and to describe contacts with other services. In addition, to reveal the links between these factors and any changes in risk behaviour. Methods: Research was completed by metod of cross-sectional questionnaire surveys. The research sample consisted of 32 clients of LSA partners' low-threshold programs who had received at least one VHC treatment. The risk behaviours were monitored among following domains: a) injection use in general, b) unprotected...
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Comparison confirmation ELISA to recomLine test for the determination of hepatitis C
BAČKOVÁ, Marcela
My bachelor thesis deals with hepatitis C disease and its laboratory diagnosis, especially confirmatory tests. The theoretical part focuses on the disease in general, describes the hepatitis C virus that causes the disease. It also discusses the acute and chronic phases, virus transmission and treatment options. In the practical part I describe the examination of anti-HCV screening antibodies and how to proceed in case of a positive finding. The main task of my practical part is to compare two confirmatory tests - ELISA and immunoblot recomLine. At the end of the work I evaluate both tests and compare the final results.
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Characterization of hapt oglobin glycoforms in human serum
Darebná, Petra ; Pompach, Petr (advisor) ; Ptáčková, Renata (referee)
Characterization of haptoglobin glycoforms in human serum Petra Darebná (Katedra biochemie, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Česká republika) Changes in glycosylation of proteins are associated with several types of cancer, including hepatocelular carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma. This project deals with data independent analysis using ion cyclotron resonance with Fourier transform and tandem mass spectrometry with liquid chromatogramy and multiple reaction monitoring to quantify these changes in hepatocelular cancinoma and colorectal carcinoma with liver metastases. In the first part of the project the haptoglobin was enriched from pooled serum samples of pacients with hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer and colorectal carcinoma with metastases using hemoglobin immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and then purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Individual haptoglobin glycopeptides were analyzed using ion cyclotron resonance with Fourier transform. In the second part of the project we analyzed changes in glycosylation depending on diferent tumor diseases in partially depleted serum of individual patients using ethanol precipitation. Individual fucosylated glycoforms of N-glycopeptides of serum proteins were compared with their nonfucosylated forms. In...
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High school students information of hepatitis C virus
Jelínek, Martin ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Zvírotský, Michal (referee)
The theoretical part presents detailed information about hepatitis C. This part consists of definitions and findings associated with hepatitis C, especially in the area of transmission, causes, clinical features, treatment, and prevention. Main goal of the practical part of this work is to determine how much know the students of the selected grammar students in the Karlovy Vary Region about hepatitis C, from which sources did adolescents learn about the disease, what they know about the prevention, what they learn about the disease in the school and in which extent they learn about it. The work includes both qualitative and quantitative research. Key informations were obtained by: a questionnaire method for students Sokolov grammar school and conversation with the doctor of Carlsbad Regional Hospital. By quantitative research has been demonstrated low awareness of selected high school students about hepatitis C. Respondents were also often wrong in the answers to basic questions of the survey. The doctor of infectious department said detailed and interesting informations about hepatitis C in an interview.
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Efficacy and treatment adherence to therapy of chronic HCV infection in people who inject drugs
Jandová, Zuzana ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Věchetová, Sonja (referee) ; Fraňková, Soňa (referee)
Backgrounds: Intravenous drug use represents the main route of transmission of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV). IVDU represent approximately 75-100% of newly diagnosed cases of HCV. IVDU have traditionally been considered as difficult-to-treat, owing to a low treatment adherence. The presumed low adherence to care in IVDU represent nowadays the barrier to therapy with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). Aims: The aim of the thesis was to assess efficacy of therapy of HCV with DAA and adherence to therapy in patients with history of IVDU. Comparing the results with the group of patients without IVDU, we would support the fact that the treatment efficacy in the IVDU group is high and that the utilisation of financial resources is effective. Methods: All consecutive patients who started DAA anti-HCV therapy at the Department of Hepatogastroenterology of Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine from 1st January 2017 to 6th August 2018 were included. The patients were divided into two groups: individuals with history of IVDU (IVDU, N = 101) and control group (Controls, N = 177), without IVDU in the past. The patients' data were obtained from patients medical charts during treatment and follow-up. Results: IVDU group achieved an SVR12 of 98% (vs. 98% in controls, N. S.). Two IVDU patients who were...
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Psychosocial Problems in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Drug Addiction in their History
JAROŠOVÁ, Eva
This diploma thesis deals with the psychosocial problems of patients treated for chronic hepatitis C. The aim of the thesis was to map the problems arising during this treatment and to divide them into biological, psychological, and social problems and problems leading to a change in the patient's quality of life. The disease is also assessed in relation to risky behaviour - a history of substance dependence. The work should also show how the individual components of the multidisciplinary team are involved in intervention during treatment. In the first part of the thesis, I describe the theoretical issues of hepatitis C as a consequence of intravenous drug dependence, and I deal with quality of life, the multidisciplinary team and psychosocial care with the help of professional literature. In the empirical part, I chose qualitative research through the interviewing method using the semi-structured interview technique. The research sample consisted of eight clients of the infectious disease ward treated for or shortly after chronic hepatitis C. The data analysis was evaluated by the data categorization method. The results showed a very demanding, mainly physically, course of treatment with a significant impact on the mental and social function of the patient. The reason why the clients had turned to addictive substances was varied, from a curiosity in youth, through addiction as a consequence of trauma from sexual abuse in childhood, to addiction as a consequence of leaving a children's home without the adequate social preparedness and assistance. The components of the multidisciplinary team that intervened the most were healthcare, psychiatry, psychology - psychotherapy, the District Social Security Administration, and the Labour Office. This work identifies the issues that are not widely spoken of. It has shown us that not only addiction to addictive substances is dangerous for the individuals, but that the health problems do not end even after the treatment of their addiction, and the clients have to undergo a rather demanding treatment in order to eliminate these problems. However, on a society-wide level, it is desirable that as many of these clients as possible be treated with a positive result, even if they are drawing large amounts from the general health insurance. The results could serve as materials for the prevention of socio-pathological phenomena, for educational activities in schools or for institutions in, for example, K-centres, which provide help to addictive substance users.
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Characterization of hapt oglobin glycoforms in human serum
Darebná, Petra ; Pompach, Petr (advisor) ; Ptáčková, Renata (referee)
Characterization of haptoglobin glycoforms in human serum Petra Darebná (Katedra biochemie, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Česká republika) Changes in glycosylation of proteins are associated with several types of cancer, including hepatocelular carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma. This project deals with data independent analysis using ion cyclotron resonance with Fourier transform and tandem mass spectrometry with liquid chromatogramy and multiple reaction monitoring to quantify these changes in hepatocelular cancinoma and colorectal carcinoma with liver metastases. In the first part of the project the haptoglobin was enriched from pooled serum samples of pacients with hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer and colorectal carcinoma with metastases using hemoglobin immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and then purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Individual haptoglobin glycopeptides were analyzed using ion cyclotron resonance with Fourier transform. In the second part of the project we analyzed changes in glycosylation depending on diferent tumor diseases in partially depleted serum of individual patients using ethanol precipitation. Individual fucosylated glycoforms of N-glycopeptides of serum proteins were compared with their nonfucosylated forms. In...
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High school students information of hepatitis C virus
Jelínek, Martin ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Zvírotský, Michal (referee)
The theoretical part presents detailed information about hepatitis C. This part consists of definitions and findings associated with hepatitis C, especially in the area of transmission, causes, clinical features, treatment, and prevention. Main goal of the practical part of this work is to determine how much know the students of the selected grammar students in the Karlovy Vary Region about hepatitis C, from which sources did adolescents learn about the disease, what they know about the prevention, what they learn about the disease in the school and in which extent they learn about it. The work includes both qualitative and quantitative research. Key informations were obtained by: a questionnaire method for students Sokolov grammar school and conversation with the doctor of Carlsbad Regional Hospital. By quantitative research has been demonstrated low awareness of selected high school students about hepatitis C. Respondents were also often wrong in the answers to basic questions of the survey. The doctor of infectious department said detailed and interesting informations about hepatitis C in an interview.
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Hepatitis occurrence among patient of the Psychiatric Hospital Červený Dvůr between 2000 and 2009.
BANÁKOVÁ, Marie
This thesis is focused on occurrence of viral hepatitises by clients in Psychiatric Hospital Červený Dvůr between 2000 and 2009. In my beachelor thesis was covered years from 2000 to 2004. Now I continue with this diploma thesis where I want the 10 year results join together to show how the situation is developing. The intravenous drug users are the aimed group. These drug users belong to a high-risk group in which hepatitises types A, B or C are spread the most thanks to their high-risk behaviour. These days researches and epidemiologic researches show that the intravenous drug users belong among the main high-risk groups endangered by infectious disease. Viral hepatitises represent a serious problem, mainly hepatitis type C, because there is no way of protection. This hepatitis is occuring without any symptoms of this disease by 50 ? 70 % people. By 70 ? 80 % it passes into a chronic stadium. It is possible to protect yourself by hepatitis type A vaccination. This hepatitis doesn´t change into a chronic stadium. It is easily spread by infected water or food. In our republic there occured several epidemics. Hepatitises started to spread among drug users and then they spread also among the rest of population. The last epidemic occured in 2008. Hepatitis type B represents high risks for the perceptive population. There is a vaccine and population have a chance to protect against it. In the Czech Republic there is vaccination carried out within special vaccination of people who have high-risk job, for example in health service. Children of HBsAg positive mothers are vaccinated after they are born. From 2001 hepatitis vaccination was put into regular vaccination of children aged under 1 year in our republic. Also 12 year old children are vaccinated from 2001. Hepatitis type B often becomes chronic and the mortality is 1 ? 2 %. Intravenous using of drug is important high-risk factor. It is one of the ways of transfering hepatitises type B and C. Next monitored indicators are the age of the clients, achieved level of education, basic drug, the age of the first usage of any drug, the age of intravenous application of drug and occurrence of hepatitises type A, B, C by clients. According to my research I used quantitative research which allows me to analyse problem of viral hepatitises by clients from Psychiatric Hospital in Červený Dvůr. The gained information was worked out by secondary analysis of medical data. The monitored group has 2499 clients in years 2000 ? 2009. The aim of this thesis is to get general knowledge about prevalence of viral hepatitises by clients of Psychiatric Hospital in Červený Dvůr from 2000 to 2009 and to consider their progress. The methodical procedure: there will be used a content analysis of medical data given by Psychiatric Hospital in Červený Dvůr. The result of this thesis is that it indicates and covered the develop of drug scene. Concerning the age the main group consists of 20 ? 24 year old men and women, next large group consists of clients aged 25 ? 29. The monitored group is also changing according to achieved level of education. In the first five years of research there dominated vocational school, but in the last five years there it changed into basic school. Among women there happened no change. There basic school still dominates. Concerning the drugs there also changed something. At the beginning there dominated clients using heroin, in the middle there meth dominated. Hepatitis type A in acute stadium was revealed by only two clients. Hepatitis type B noticed a slight increase. Hepatitis type C also noticed a sligh increase, but it is probably a sign of increase of clients with chronic form of this hepatitis.
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