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In vitro Methods for the Prediction of Blood Brain Barrier Penetration
Zálešáková, Helena ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Helena Zálešáková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršálová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro Methods for the Prediction of Blood Brain Barrier Penetration This thesis deals with the correlation between two in vitro models simulating the blood- brain barrier (HEB, hematoencephalic barrier) and their comparison in terms of practical use. These are the PAMPA (Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay) method and the MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) cell line, which are models for potential central nervous system (CNS) penetration screening. Within this work, a set of sixteen standard drugs were measured. The procedure was similar in both methods in order to obtain information on the amount of test substances passing through the membrane from the donor portion of the plate to the acceptor. The concentration in the donor portion was measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The main difference between these methods is the membrane through which the substances penetrate. In the case of PAMPA, a lipid solution that has been isolated from pig brain (PBL, polar brain lipid) is used. This lipid simulates the phospholipid membrane of the brain capillary endothelium. In the MDCK model, the membrane...
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Testing of the cytotoxicity of potential drugs in the cell lines together with the measurement of their passage through the blood brain barrier by the PAMPA method
Šinaľová, Lucia ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Jansová, Hana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Lucia Šinaľová Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Testing of the cytotoxicity of potential drugs in the cell lines together with the measurement of their passage through the blood brain barrier by the PAMPA method This master thesis focuses on the prediction of tacrine derivatives permeability through blood- brain barrier and their cytotoxicity. We studied tacrine-benzothiazole and tacrine- thiaquinazoline derivates as potential drugs for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The reason of testing new tacrine derivates was effort to find substances with same effect and lower toxicity, for which was the tacrine discarded from clinical practice. The probable permeability of the studied substances was determined in vitro by the PAMPA method. Based on the permeation coeficient values we have identified that tacrine-benzothiazole derivates A-D (Pe= 8,31- 16,9×10-6 cm/s) and tacrine-thiaquinazoline derivates 1, 3, 4 (Pe= 8,59-14,9×10-6 cm/s) were permeable through blood-brain barrier, tacrine-thiaquinazoline derivate 2 (Pe= 3,79×10-6 cm/s) had uncertain permeability and tacrine-thiaquinazoline derivate 5 (Pe= 2,0×10-6 cm/s) was not permeable. In the pre-clinical evaluation of...
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Testing of the cytotoxicity of potential drugs in the cell lines together with the measurement of their passage through the blood brain barrier by the PAMPA method
Šinaĺová, Lucia ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Jansová, Hana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Lucia Šinaľová Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Testing of the cytotoxicity of potential drugs in the cell lines together with the measurement of their passage through the blood brain barrier by the PAMPA method This master thesis focuses on the prediction of tacrine derivatives permeability through blood- brain barrier and their cytotoxicity. We studied tacrine-benzothiazole and tacrine- thiaquinazoline derivates as potential drugs for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The reason of testing new tacrine derivates was effort to find substances with same effect and lower toxicity, for which was the tacrine discarded from clinical practice. The probable permeability of the studied substances was determined in vitro by the PAMPA method. Based on the permeation coeficient values we have identified that tacrine-benzothiazole derivates A-D (Pe= 8,31- 16,9×10-6 cm/s) and tacrine-thiaquinazoline derivates 1, 3, 4 (Pe= 8,59-14,9×10-6 cm/s) were permeable through blood-brain barrier, tacrine-thiaquinazoline derivate 2 (Pe= 3,79×10-6 cm/s) had uncertain permeability and tacrine-thiaquinazoline derivate 5 (Pe= 2,0×10-6 cm/s) was not permeable. In the pre-clinical evaluation of...
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Synthesis of novel prodrugs for antiviral therapy
Štefek, Milan ; Nencka, Radim (advisor) ; Janeba, Zlatko (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to preparation of prodrugs derived from 2'-C- methyladenosine, which is a potent inhibitor of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase of flaviviruses. Prodrugs modifying 3' and 5' hydroxy groups able to deliver the drug to brain and were prepared. As targeting moieties tropine and the redox system trigonelline/1,4- dihydrotrigonelline were used. In the case of tropine a suitable method for the preparation of prodrugs was developed. Reliable procedure for performing the last step of synthesis of compounds utilizing the trigonelline redox system is yet to be discovered.
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Determination of permeability and active transport of selected butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in vitro
Machan, Radek ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Radek Machan Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Determination of permeability and active transport of selected butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in vitro European Medicine Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration agency (FDA) emphasise drug membrane permeability and drug-drug interactions on ABC transporters expressed in physiological barriers should be investigated for compounds in preclinical studies or for those already clinically used but evidence free. In this work we aimed to assess the capability of several experimental butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors that had been designed to treat dementia to permeate blood-brain barrier and to elucidate role of ATP-binding (ABC) cassette transporters in this transport. For this purpose, we employed in vitro bidirectional transport study across monolayers formed by polarized and highly differentiated Caco-2 cells. The permeability values gained from measurements were similar to values of several commonly used drugs for treatment of CNS disorders (e.g. antidepressants, antiepileptics). In addition, the compounds showed values of efflux ratio (basolateral- to-apical/apical-to-basolateral) approximately one...
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Model of cerebral focal cortical ischemia and its parametrization
Svoboda, Jan ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title of work: Model of cerebral focal cortical ischemia and its parametrization Work objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis was to apply modified model of focal cortical brain ischemia induced by phototrombosis and subsequently determinate its parameters. Methods: Intravenous application of photosensitive Rose Bengal dye was followed by continual illumination of green laser beam over the left sensorimotocortex for 10 minutes. Following illumination, the dye is activated and produces singlet oxygen that damages components of endothelial cell membranes, with subsequent platelet aggregation and thrombin formation, which eventually determines the interruption of local blood flow. This approach, initially proposed by Rosenblum and El-Sabban in 1977, was later improved by Watson in 1985 in rat brain. For histological evaluation of ischemic brain damage, animals were overdosed with urethane and transcardially perfused. Results: Histological examination of brains showed significant ischemic damage in all experimental animals. Lesion was located in left hemisphere and penetrated thought the grey matter in various extents. Size of lesion, its localization and depth has shown only a small variability in the individual groups. Noticeable differences were found right after comparing experimental groups....
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Acute neuroinflammatory reaction after focal cerebral ischemia
Ambrož, Ondřej ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title: Acute neuroinflammatory reaction after focal cerebral ischemia Aim: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate neuroinflammatory response after focal cerebral cortical ischemia. Also, familiarizing with the method of displaying damage of blood brain barriers, neurons and the possibility of detection of microglia cells as a marker of acute neuroinflammatory processes. Methodology: This is an experimental study. We brought about cortical cerebral ischemia in rats using an application of photosensitive dye "bengal red," and a green laser. Two animals were were given the additional application of "Evans blue" in order to visualize the defects of the blood brain barrier. The animals were returned to their cage for the time needed before they were induced terminal anesthesia. This was followed by the process of brain perfusion, slicing the brain in sections 50 µm thick and then applied these sections onto slides. Sections with applied EB were immediately analyzed under the microscope. Sections to illustrate neuronal death were immunohistochemically stained via the Nissl method. Sections visualizing microglial activity were stained using CD11b antibody. Results: Following the induction of focal ischemia there occured brain tissue damage. In the vicinity of lesion there is degeneration of neurons and...
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