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Acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person
Cmíralová, Natálie ; Lederer, Vít (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person, representing an exception to the Roman law principle nemo plus iuris ad alium transferre potest quam ipse habet, which means that no one can transfer more rights to another than he or she has. Acquisition of the property right from an authorized person represents one of the original ways of acquiring the property right, which significantly infringes on constitutionally guaranteed property right. For this reason, it is necessary to subject the legal regulation of acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person to closer and critical examination and to assessment whether it complies with European standards of legal regulation of acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person and whether it satisfies the reproaches aimed at previous legal regulation of acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person, all after nearly six years after the recodification of private law in the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis in its five chapters presents to the reader a presentation of the nature of rights in rem and property right, historical grounds of the acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person, a thorough analysis of current Czech legal...
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Acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person
Cmíralová, Natálie ; Thöndel, Alexandr (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person, representing an exception to the Roman law principle nemo plus iuris ad alium transferre potest quam ipse habet, which means that no one can transfer more rights to another than he or she has. Acquisition of the property right from an authorized person represents one of the original ways of acquiring the property right, which significantly infringes on constitutionally guaranteed property right. For this reason, it is necessary to subject the legal regulation of acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person to closer and critical examination and to assessment whether it complies with European standards of legal regulation of acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person and whether it satisfies the reproaches aimed at previous legal regulation of acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person, all after nearly six years after the recodification of private law in the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis in its five chapters presents to the reader a presentation of the nature of rights in rem and property right, historical grounds of the acquisition of the property right from an unauthorized person, a thorough analysis of current Czech legal...
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Acquisition of property from an unauthorised person
Kratochvílová, Kateřina ; Thöndel, Alexandr (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
130 English Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the issue of acquisition of property from an unauthorised person. Such a possibility deprives the owner of legal protection of his/her ownership rights in favour of protection of good faith of the acquirer, who thus can acquire ownership even though the transferor is a neither an owner nor authorised for any other reason to dispose with the property. The new Civil Code which entered into force on 1 January 2014 introduces new rules governing such situations, while differing significantly from the previous legislation. Legislation which was in effect until 1 January 2014 was inadequate, in particular due to dichotomy between Civil Code and Commercial Code. Another significant deficiency represented the lack of possibility of acquisition of immovable property registered in the cadastral register from an unauthorised person. Material publicity applied only to a limited extent and did not provide sufficient protection to persons who trusted that the rights recorded in the cadastral register also objectively existed. The diploma thesis is divided into six chapters and analyses the institute of acquisition of property from an unauthorised person in its broader context. The first chapter describes ownership right and manners of its acquisition as well as the...
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Pledge over business enterprise and its part
Zabadal, Michal ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Josková, Lucie (referee)
This thesis focuses on selected interpretation issues accompanying the particular stages of the existence of a pledge over a business enterprise. First, the thesis provides the basic definition of a business enterprise, with an emphasis on the characteristics relevant for the pledge purposes. In addition to the analysis of its legal definition, the thesis comes to defining the business enterprise as a special kind of a collective asset. The text further focuses on the moment the pledge over the business enterprise is created. It concludes that the pledge over the business enterprise itself, including each individual asset forming it, is created upon constitutive registration in the registry of pledges. The centrepiece of the analysis supporting this conclusion is represented by the concept of a business enterprise as a functional unit, which is dealt with as a such by the law, and not only in connection with the creation of a pledge. The next part of the thesis addresses the consequences of this mode of creation of a pledge for the protection of the good faith of third parties. It comes to the conclusion that, if a third party acquires a right in rem to a particular asset forming the pledged business enterprise, in good faith in the absence of its encumbrance, where the pledge over the business...
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Usucaption in the Context of the Civil Law Recodification
Horký, Jakub ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
Usucaption in the Context of the Civil Law Recodification This master thesis analyzes the concept of usucaption in the context of the recodification of civil law. Its aim is to describe this institute both in its historical context and in the current legislation. It also aims to compare these codifications with each other and try to resolve some of unclear points of interpretation. Usucaption is a legal concept pursuing harmonization of possession as a de facto state with ownership as a legal status, after a specified period of time expires. It is a traditional civil law concept, however it is still relevant today. The master thesis analyzes significant changes in relation to the concept of usucaption, which were introduced by the Czech Civil Code No. 89/2012 Coll. The thesis begins with an introduction, then it proceeds with four main chapters, which are further subdivided into subchapters, and it ends with a conclusion. In the first chapter, I lay out general definitions which are fundamental to the following analysis, namely, I provide a definition of possession, detention and usucaption itself. The second chapter introduces the historical background, starting with a brief description of the concept of usucaption in Roman law, continuing with the codification of usucaption provided by ABGB and...
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Acquisition of property from unauthorized person
Talacko, Petr ; Thöndel, Alexandr (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
In this diploma thesis, I deal with the institute of acquiring from unauthorized person., which is breaking of Roman principle nemo plus iuris ad alium transferre potest quam ipse habet. In English it means, that no one can transfer to someone else more rights, than he has himself. Also, the acquisition form unauthorized person is interfering to the constitutionally guaranteed rigth to own the property. Therefore the legislation must adequatly reflect this fact, but it has not always been so. In diploma thesis I deal mainly with the development of this institute, principles, which are connected with this institute and especially with the analysis and description of current legal regulation. The thesis is divided into four chapters and introduction. The chapters are further divided to subchapters, which deal with the theme in more detail. The work ends with conclusion. In the first chapter, I deal with the general issue of material rights. Then, I deal with the institute of ownership, its constitutional basis, the definition and also the ways, in which the ownership can be acquired. The second chapter is about the historical evolution of acquisition from unauthorized person. I analyze first the period of Roman law, and I emphasize the principle of nemo plus iuris. Than I continue through the...
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International Sales Contract: The principle of good faith under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Večeřa, Matěj ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Pfeiffer, Magdalena (referee)
60 Abstract The thesis is called International Sales Contract: The principle of good faith under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. The aim of the thesis was to outline the position of good faith in international trade together with a reference to its conception in different legal systems with special focus on continental and common law. The main aim of the thesis was to analyse the good faith principle under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The author is trying to offer a theoretical basis for the realization of this analysis through the whole thesis. In doing so, the thesis describes, inter alia, historical development of the good faith principle under the CISG, related geopolitical problems and finally a comparison of the good faith principle under the CISG with other documents dealing with international trade is also included. In analysing the good faith principle under the CISG, the author focused mainly on the issue of different concepts and interpretations of this principle with an emphasis on the precise function of the good faith principle based in Art. 7 (1) of the CISG. The thesis was realized by using a descriptive method since the author used information obtained chiefly from the doctrine and...
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The principal of material publicity in land law
Vondrášek, Igor ; Derlich, Stanislav (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the principle of material publicity in the context of land law. This principle was reintroduced into the domestic legal system as a part of the recodification of private law. The principle of material publicity (the protection of public good faith) has restored a faith in records in public registers, thereby providing protection to an acquirer in good faith who may acquire a property from a non-entitled person under certain legal conditions. With the adoption of the Civil Code, a case-law dispute between the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court was settled and the principle nemo plus iuris ad ali transferre potest quam ipse habet, which the previous regulation consisted in, was broken. However, the legal effects of material publicity do not work indefinitely, but under certain conditions. A significant part of the thesis is devoted to the explanatory problems associated with them. The crucial condition may be to designate a good faith on the part of the acquirer, which must be assessed in the light of all the circumstances of the case, i.e. objectively. The thesis also includes an analysis of the relevant judicial decisions of the Supreme Court of the Czechoslovak Republic concerning cases in which the good faith of the acquirer was excluded. Due to the absence...
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Usurious contracts within the context of civil law
Šejdová, Kateřina ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
Central point of the thesis at hand is the effort to clarify legal consequences arising out of the conclusion of the usurious contract. Its primary aim is to determine whether the usurious contract is voidable or rather null and void and whether it is possible to uphold the usurious contract either by applying the concept of partial invalidity or by judicial balancing of the grossly disproportionate considerations arising out of the usurious contract. This thesis is structured into two parts. The first chapter of the first part briefly introduces paradigms of the rules related to the usury. The second chapter analyzes individual characteristics of the usury. In the third chapter author argues for the possibility to review the contracts (showing the disproportion of considerations, defects of the abused's will and the element of abuse, however, not fulfilling all the characteristics of the usurious contracts due to narrow definition of the usury) by the good-manners-test. Second part of this thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes consequences resulting from the violation of the usury prohibition and their impact on the usurer's and the abused's legal position. This chapter also deals with the difficulties in terms of interpretation of rules governing invalidity of legal...
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Principle of good faith and of good faith and fair dealing in commercial relations
Kvačková, Riana ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee) ; Marek, Karel (referee)
This dissertation focuses on the principle of good faith and on the principle of good faith and fair dealing. The differences between the two mentioned principles and the problems with terminology are covered. The author suggests and reasons for her own terminological solution. Furthermore, the dissertation discusses on the general delimitation of the two principles, their content and relation to other related principles. Moreover, it focuses on the legal frame of good faith and good faith and fair dealing principles including historical and comparative aspects of the issue. The author of the dissertation describes the practical impact of the two principles in question and compares the recent and current legal regulation. She analyses the practical impact of the principles of good faith and good faith and fair dealing in commercial relations: not only in the business contractual law but also in the life of a business corporation. Furthermore, the relevant judicature is covered including the delimitation of its possible applicability on the current legal regulation.
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