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Generalization of Road Network in Topographic Maps
Vojtíšková, Zuzana ; Lysák, Jakub (advisor) ; Jindrák, Přemysl (referee)
Generalization of Road Network in Topographic Map Abstract The diploma thesis presents automated selection of the elements of path network. The review deals with this term and describes its position in map generalization process; the ways of path thinning apllied in the main Czech cartography institutions are reviewed too. Next part of the thesis describes the data and the tools that are applied in the proposed method. The main part introduces the suggested method of selecting elements of path network which was implemented on the test data. Keywords: map generalization, path network, path thinning, graph theory, ZABAGED, ArcGIS, Python, NetworkX
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National Stereotypes: the realtion between Czechs and Spanish
RYBÁKOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to present the issue of national stereotypes which is nowadays coming to the fore across different fields of science. Within its theoretical part this topic is initially analysed in general terms and the author focuses on the characteristics of the concept of the term stereotype as well as particular aspects which clarify the creation, modification and reduction of national stereotypes. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of transmission of the stereotypes which form a key element of the following research. These mechanisms together with a set of selected stereotypes about the Spanish people and their culture create a link between both parts of the thesis. The analysis centres around the changing views of the Czechs towrds Spaniards as a result of their increasing participation in international exchanges within Spain such as the Erasmus+ programme. This study also aims to discover the ways in which stereotypes are transmitted that have the most frequent impact on the selected sample of the respondents. The part of this thesis is a résumé in Spanish.
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Artificial Neural Networks and Their Usage For Knowledge Extraction
Petříčková, Zuzana ; Mrázová, Iveta (advisor) ; Procházka, Aleš (referee) ; Andrejková, Gabriela (referee)
Title: Artificial Neural Networks and Their Usage For Knowledge Extraction Author: RNDr. Zuzana Petříčková Department: Department of Theoretical Computer Science and Mathema- tical Logic Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Iveta Mrázová, CSc., Department of Theoretical Computer Science and Mathematical Logic Abstract: The model of multi/layered feed/forward neural networks is well known for its ability to generalize well and to find complex non/linear dependencies in the data. On the other hand, it tends to create complex internal structures, especially for large data sets. Efficient solutions to demanding tasks currently dealt with require fast training, adequate generalization and a transparent and simple network structure. In this thesis, we propose a general framework for training of BP/networks. It is based on the fast and robust scaled conjugate gradient technique. This classical training algorithm is enhanced with analytical or approximative sensitivity inhibition during training and enforcement of a transparent in- ternal knowledge representation. Redundant hidden and input neurons are pruned based on internal representation and sensitivity analysis. The performance of the developed framework has been tested on various types of data with promising results. The framework provides a fast training algorithm,...
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Food and host specialization in Aculeata (Hymenoptera)
Hochová, Veronika ; Policarová, Jana (advisor) ; Černá, Kateřina (referee)
Aculeata is a group of insects, its representatives vary significantly in the use of resources which are necessary for its survival and reproduction. Herbivores which live on parts of plants, carnivores which hunt other insects and omnivores are included in this group. There are also parasitic species such as cleptoparazites, brood parasites or parasitoids classified in Aculeata. Particular groups of Aculeata are adapted to resourcing, these adaptations exist in adult and immature stages simultaneously. Adaptation to the kind of source can lead to adjustment of mouthpart for easier prey hunting or nectar collecting, corbicula and special hair intended for collecting pollen or oils, a sting used for incapacitate the host or a sting for defense. Aculeata varies to such an extent how they are specialized in food and the host. Aculeata incorporates closely specialized species together with generalized species. The known information about the specialization Aculeata on food and host is summarized in this thesis.
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Discrimination and generalization of prey in lizards (Squamata: Sauria)
Vohralík, Martin ; Gregorovičová, Martina (advisor) ; Schořálková, Tereza (referee)
The ability to find and recognize palatable prey is fundamental for survival of any organism. Here we are discussing different ways of recognition of such a prey in order Squamata and the ways they learn this discrimination. Lizards are well known for their ability to analyse chemical cues brought from their tongue to the Jacobson's organ, which is completely separate from the nassal cavity in Squamata. However, the leading sense used for discrimination in Squamata can also be vision or other forms of chemoreception. Dominance of one sense can be assesed from morphology of tongue and abundance of taste buds or ecological strategy used for hunting a prey. Once the predator learns which cue to discriminate, it can generalise similar cues. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Experimental studies of Müllerian mimetic complexes
Jůnová, Lenka ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Hotová Svádová, Kateřina (referee)
Mimicry is one of strategies which provides protection for the prey from predator attack. There are several kinds of mimetic relationships, one of them is Müllerian mimicry, i.e. mutualistic relationship between two unpalatable prey species. If there are more animal species in this relationship, it is called Müllerian mimetic complex. Relationships in mimetic complexes are affected by many factors like defence level and aposematic signals resemblance of particular species, their different frequencies, alternative prey, prey community structure or predator species and their experience level. These factors determine whether the relationship of the species involved is mutualistic or parasitic. They also affect predators behaviour and their learning rate, memory and generalisation between mimetic species. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Plant-pollinator relationships in isolated ecosystems and ecosystems with extreme fluctuations in climatic conditions
Pinc, Jan ; Vlasáková, Blanka (advisor) ; Vazačová, Kristýna (referee)
In extreme and isolated ecosystems, organisms are often specifically adapted to local abiotic conditions due to relatively fast-moving diversification and strong selection pressure. Their mutualistic relationships are very often quite unusual and unique. Plants grow in populations with a limited number of individuals. They are exposed to strong selection pressure for outcrossing to minimize the loss of genetic variability due to inbreeding, which is common in small populations. Maximizing outcrossing usually results in various modifications of pollination systems. These modifications are affected by the insufficient number of potential pollinators and by their irregular occurrence. The aim of this paper is to summarize the typical features of pollination systems in extreme and isolated ecosystems and to clarify the conditions that led to their creation.
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Simplification the Digital Terrain Model based on TIN representation
Pancová, Iveta ; Bayer, Tomáš (advisor) ; Potůčková, Markéta (referee)
The Generalization of the Digital Terrain Model Based on the TIN Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the up to now way and the possibilities of the digital terrain model generalization based on the TIN (the triangulate irregular network). New suitable way of the generalization of the digital terrain model procured from laser scanning data is proposed on the base of the existing generalization methods designated for digital models. Laser scanning data is characterized by a high areal density so the basic requirement is computing speed, maintaining the terrain features, such as a ridge, valley, steep hill, saddle, depression … and so on. The proposed algorithm is compared with the results of suggested algorithms and results from the generalization by the geographic software, such as Atlas DMT and ArcGIS.
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