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Comparison of a standard adult non-athlete diet and a diet of an athlete in preparation for bikini fitness competitions
Jakubičková, Tereza ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Petráková Doležalová, Radka (referee)
Title: Comparison of a standard adult non-athlete diet with a diet of athlete in preparation for bikini fitness competitions Aim of the thesis: The primary goal of this bachelor's thesis was to compare the differences between the regular diet of adult non-athletes and the pre-competition diet of female athletes who are preparing for bikini fitness competitions. The aim of the work was to analyze the individual differences between the diets, with the help of calculations of the total daily energy intake of the respondents, the amount of macronutrients, simple sugars and fiber in their diet, a comparison of the daily drinking regime, subsequent entry into graphs and a visual comparison of the diets. The secondary goal of this work was to acquaint the reader with the nature of the pre-race diet, its principle and its effect on the change in the body composition of the female athlete during the pre-race preparation. This work also aimed to present the effect of a precisely set and strictly observed diet, thanks to which a significant change in body composition can be achieved. Readers of this work will, among other things, learn about various dietary methods for reducing body fat and at the same time for preserving muscle mass during a caloric deficit. Methods: The work was carried out in the form of a...
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Body composition changes during ontogenesis in youth football
Lukavský, Jakub ; Malá, Lucia (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Body composition changes during ontogenesis in youth football Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify and compare changes in body composition during ontogenesis in youth categories in football. Methods: Due to our work, a research group was created, which included 4 different age categories. It was a category U12 - U15. U12 (n = 15), U13 (n = 18), U14 (n = 19), U15 (n = 16). He is a player of an elite Czech club. The selection of probands and age categories was intentional. Body composition measurements were performed with a multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzer (Tanita MC-980MA, Tanita Corporation, Japan). The biological age was estimated as follows. The equations of Mirwald et al. (2002). Y: -9.236+(0.0002708*Leg Length and Sitting height interaction) - (0.001663*Age and Leg Length interaction) (0.007216 Age and Sitting Height interaction) + (0.02292*Weight by Height ratio). The players were divided into two groups according to the degree of maturity (before 1, circa 2 (PHV)). Group 1 included players from (> -1 before PHV) and group 2 - circa PHV (-1, +1). Results: The changes in the basic somatometric indicators - body weight and body height were as follows. Body weight: U12 (38.2 kg), U13 (41.4 kg) + 8%, U14 (46 kg) + 11%, U15 (55.1 kg) + 20%. Body height: U12 (148.4 cm), U13...
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Impact of load on cognitive level in decision-making processes in selected sport game
Soukup, Vojtěch ; Perič, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee)
Title: The influence of physical load on the level of cognition and decision-making processes in a selected sports game Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find out level of changes in cognition and decision-making processes after physical load.and how level of these changes differ between more and less skilled athletes. Methods: Result evaluation was done via descriptive statistics (average result of research group, standard deviation) and t-test paired two sample for means. Results: Research group was made of 18 probands (floorball players), whose ages were between eighteen and twenty seven years. All probands performed diagnostics in virtual reality consisting of five skill tests. First diagnostics was performed before physical load and second diagnostics after physical load. The physical load took the form of the vita maxima spiroergometric test. In case of avarage changes in cognitive functions after physical load, players accomplished following outcomes: recognition time (ms) -2.1±235.8 reaction time (ms) -87.7±148.1, release time (ms) 40.5±218.9, player tracking (%) 8.7±17.3. In case of avarage changes in cognitive functions after physical load due to skill level of players, national team players accomplished following outcomes: recognition time (ms) -125.1±252, reaction time (ms)...
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Body composition and methods for its determination
Mucha, Slavomír ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Libá, Martina (referee)
Title: Body composition and methods for its determination Objectives: Perform a literature search and then describe the human body composition and compare different methods to determine body composition in humans. Methods: Review and comparison of domestic and foreign literature that deals with body composition and its measurements. Results: Research summarized the literature on the topic of physical body composition and methods for its determination. Another result is a summarization of indirect methods, describe their advantages and disadvantages, practical use and calculation examples of predictive equations for specific methods. Indirect methods of determining body composition may be once or twice indirect. Among once belong mainly indirect laboratory methods such as DEXA, APD, NIR or nuclear magnetic resonance. The gold standard of laboratory methods are considered DEXA method. These methods are indirect in comparison with twice more accurate but more time-consuming and equipment. The two indirect methods belong field methods such as BIA, BMI, skinfold thickness measurements with calipers or hydrostatic weighing method. These methods are indeed more practical and affordable measured but with less precision. For the most used and practical field method is considered BIA. All indirect methods...
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The possibilities of physical exercise in relation to the metabolism after spinal cord injury
Olišarová, Eva ; Hlinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kříž, Jiří (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the information about the possibilities of the physical exercise in individuals with the spinal cord injury. The work presents various types of the physical activity and describes their effect on metabolism and body composition. It also includes the information about the frequency, the duration and the intensity of exercise. The interruption of the somatomotor and somatosensory pathways in patients with spinal cord injury leads to the reduction of their physical activity. As a consequence of that, their metabolic profile and body composition get worse. Early after the injury, the patients suffer from the massive muscle atrophy and the rise of the amount of adipose tissue. These changes have a negative effect on metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. It results in the development of dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, sometimes even in type 2 diabetes mellitus. These secondary complications worsen the quality and the length of life of the patients with the spinal cord injury. Better understanding of these issues is necessary to improve the quality of health care for these people. The work includes a short questionnaire. Its goal is to describe the current situation of patients with the spinal cord injury in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire was...
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Body composition and morphological asymmetries in footballers a theirs possible residuals in phase return to training
Pečl, Adam ; Malá, Lucia (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Body composition and morphological asymmetries in football players and their possible residues in the phase of return after injury Aim: The main goal of the work was to identify changes in body composition and the occurrence of morphological asymmetries and the length of the residual period after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in elite footballers. Methods: The research group consisted of two elite adult football players. The basic characteristics are listed in Table 2. The players were active in the highest national competitions and their training volume corresponds to 15-23 hours per week. The selection of players was intentional. Prior to the measurement, we determined the current standing body height with an accuracy of 1 mm using a stadiometer (SECA 242, Hamburg, Germany) and the body weight with an accuracy of 1 g using a digital scale (SECA 769, Hamburg, Germany). We used a multifrequency bioimpedance analyser (Tanita MC-980MA, Tanita Corporation, Japan) to determine body composition. The actual measurement lasted approximately 120 s, the actual body weight to recalculate indirectly measurable parameters was recorded by the analyser itself with an accuracy of 1 g. We found out: the current body composition and its changes in the monitored probands. We monitored the change in...
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Comparison selected parameters of body composition 10-11 aged children from different socioeconomics regions
Česák, Michal ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Štohanzl, Michal (referee)
Title: Comparison selected parameters of body composition 10-11 aged children from different socioeconomics regions Objectives: The main objective of this work is comparison selected parameters of body composition (% fat, fat-free mass, % total body water) by children aged 10-11 years in the Prague and Most. Another objective is comparison the observed parameters of body composition by boys and girls separately. Methods: Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis device BIA 2000-M. Followed parameters are the percentage of body fat, the absolute amount of fat-free mass (FFM) in kg, the proportion of total body water (% TBW). Data was processed in NUTRI Plus, IBM SPSS version 22.0 using the Mann-Whitney t-test and Microsoft Office Excel. The sample consisted of 48 probands aged 10-11 years. Results: Children in region Most have an average higher proportion of fat than children from Prague. Prague's children have more average amount of FFM and % TBW than children from Most. Boys from Most have a greater proportion of fat than boys from Prague. Boys from Prague have more FFM and TBW %. By girls were no significance differences. Keywords: body composition, bio impedance, fat mass, fat-free mass, total body water This study was carried out with the support of the Grant Agency of...
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Body composition and morphological asymmetries in footballers a theirs possible residuals in phase return to training
Pečl, Adam ; Malá, Lucia (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Body composition and morphological asymmetries in football players and their possible residues in the phase of return after injury Aim: The main goal of the work was to identify changes in body composition and the occurrence of morphological asymmetries and the length of the residual period after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in elite footballers. Methods: The research group consisted of two elite adult football players. The basic characteristics are listed in Table 2. The players were active in the highest national competitions and their training volume corresponds to 15-23 hours per week. The selection of players was intentional. Prior to the measurement, we determined the current standing body height with an accuracy of 1 mm using a stadiometer (SECA 242, Hamburg, Germany) and the body weight with an accuracy of 1 g using a digital scale (SECA 769, Hamburg, Germany). We used a multifrequency bioimpedance analyser (Tanita MC-980MA, Tanita Corporation, Japan) to determine body composition. The actual measurement lasted approximately 120 s, the actual body weight to recalculate indirectly measurable parameters was recorded by the analyser itself with an accuracy of 1 g. We found out: the current body composition and its changes in the monitored probands. We monitored the change in...
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Evolution of perception of physical proportions and the prevalence of obesity in different periods of human existence
Jungvirtová, Tereza ; Tomešová, Jitka (advisor) ; Zamrazilová, Hana (referee)
Perception of body proportion during human evolution has changed. At the beginning of human history was overweight seen as an advantage, especially in times of food shortages and was put on display. This time comes from the statue Venus of Willendorf. After the agricultural revolution began to change the perception of body porportion and began to be viewed positively for thinness. Perception of body proportions changes depends on the culture in which is evaluated. This is due to different cultural habits, determining which curves are considered attractive and which are not. Body perception is different among individuals with normal body weight, overweight or with obesity. Obese usually have a tendency to underestimate their body weight. We can observe differences in perception among childern, adolescents and adults. None of them is often satisfied with their body proportions. Children as well as adults underestimate their weight, while adolescents overestimate it. The biggest problem associated with the underestimation of body weight is obesity. Prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased over the last three decades in both developing and developed countries.
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The possibilities of physical exercise in relation to the metabolism after spinal cord injury
Olišarová, Eva ; Hlinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kříž, Jiří (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the information about the possibilities of the physical exercise in individuals with the spinal cord injury. The work presents various types of the physical activity and describes their effect on metabolism and body composition. It also includes the information about the frequency, the duration and the intensity of exercise. The interruption of the somatomotor and somatosensory pathways in patients with spinal cord injury leads to the reduction of their physical activity. As a consequence of that, their metabolic profile and body composition get worse. Early after the injury, the patients suffer from the massive muscle atrophy and the rise of the amount of adipose tissue. These changes have a negative effect on metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. It results in the development of dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, sometimes even in type 2 diabetes mellitus. These secondary complications worsen the quality and the length of life of the patients with the spinal cord injury. Better understanding of these issues is necessary to improve the quality of health care for these people. The work includes a short questionnaire. Its goal is to describe the current situation of patients with the spinal cord injury in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire was...
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