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Postoperative nursing care in patients after minor urological procedures
VÁVROVÁ, Eliška
The diploma thesis deals with postoperative nursing care in patients after minor urological procedures. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part presents the importance of urology, endoscopy in urology, the nursing process in postoperative care after small urological procedures and teamwork as an integral part of the urology department. The practical part of the thesis was carried out by qualitative research, the technique of participant observation of nurses and the technique of data collection of semi-structured interview with patients. Six nurses working in the urology department participated in the participant observation. The interview was conducted with six patients after a small urological procedure until the theoretical sample was completely saturated. The analysis and processing of the data was carried out using the open coding method, using the "pen and paper" technique. Subsequently, the obtained codes were processed into individual categories and subcategories.Three goals were set in the diploma thesis. The first objective was to find out what is the role of the nurse in postoperative care in patients after minor urological procedures. Then to map the specifics of postoperative nursing care in patients after minor urological procedures. The third objective was to find out how patients perceive the care of nurses after minor urological procedures. The analysis of the data of the research showed that the role of nurses is an integral part of the provision of postoperative care after minor urological procedures. Their individual approach, expertise and empathy play a significant role in the postoperative recovery of patients. Improving communication between the nurse and the patient is also an important factor. The results suggest that patient susceptibility to minor urological procedures is associated with interpersonal skills and the ability to provide quality care, which significantly affects overall patient satisfaction.
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Multiphoton and non-linear Raman microscopy through a multimode fibre
Pikálek, Tomáš ; Marte, Monika Ritsch- (referee) ; Zemánek, Pavel (referee) ; Čižmár, Tomáš (advisor)
Multimodová vlákna je možné využít jako miniaturní endoskopy pro zobrazování hluboko uvnitř mozku myších zvířecích modelů s minimálním poškozením okolní tkáně. S využitím metod tvarování vlnoplochy je možné svazek vystupující z vlákna fokusovat do jediného bodu, a vytvořit tak miniaturní skenovací mikroskop. Různé mikroskopické zobrazovací metody již byly tímto způsobem implementovány, a to včetně několika in-vivo demonstrací. Tato práce se zabývá implementací zobrazování pomocí koherentního anti-Stokesova Ramanova rozptylu (CARS), nelineární metody umožňující zobrazování s chemickým kontrastem bez značení vzorku. Tato metoda má potenciální využití pro klinické aplikace například při diagnóze nádorů. Práce je zaměřena zejména na optimalizaci endoskopu a vláknových sond pro fokusaci světla z pulzních laserů včetně kontroly disperze s cílem umožnit nelineární zobrazování. Takto optimalizovaný systém je následně využit pro demonstraci zobrazování metodou CARS uvnitř tkáně (například lipidové dvojvrstvy buněčných membrán kolem axonů) a chemického kontrastu na polymerových kuličkách. Systém je též použit k demonstraci multimodálního zobrazování fixované myší tkáně kombinací CARS a dvoufotonové mikroskopie.
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Strategies for providing care within a selected endoscopic procedure
ŠAVRDOVÁ, Soňa
The diploma thesis deals with a strategy of providing care within the framework of a colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. The aim of this thesis is to find out what information is provided by the nurses to the patients during a colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure, what communication techniques are used by the nurses within the framework of reducing the fear at the patients and what expectations the patients have from the nurses before the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. Six research questions were established, which surveyed what information is provided by the nurses to the patients during the procedure, what communication techniques are used by the nurses within the framework of reducing the fear at the patients and what expectation the patients have from the nurses. Furthermore, they surveyed what kinds of problem have both the nurses and patients to solve and how the nurses secure the patients´ intimacy within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. In the theoretical part, the thesis is focused on the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system, progress of endoscopic devices, on endoscopy procedures and nursing process within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. And at last but not least, the security of the patient´s intimacy and a role of a nurse - communicator within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. To achieve the aim, the qualitative method of research construction was used with a method of an interview, face-to-face technique at the patients undergoing the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure and at the nurses providing these patients with nursing care. The research construction was supplemented with the nurses´ observation. The results from the obtained data led to the conclusion that the nurses ensure the patients´ intimacy properly, use the communication techniques for reducing the fear efficiently, provide the patients with information concerning the endoscopy procedure and that they rarely experienced any problems. Furthermore, the research construction revealed that a varied part of the patients never experienced any problems and their positive expectation from the nurses was fulfilled. The results of the research construction will be offered to the employees of the endoscopy department where the research was performed as a feedback for the approach to the patients within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure.
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Multimode optical fiber based endoscopy
Jákl, Petr ; Tučková, Tereza ; Pikálek, Tomáš ; Stibůrek, Miroslav ; Ondráčková, Petra ; Cifuentes, Angel S. ; Šiler, Martin ; Uhlířová, Hana ; Traegaardh, Johanna ; Čižmár, Tomáš
Optical microscopy is a technique for microworld investigation using light waves scattered on particles in sample space. Its main disadvantage in the area of medicine, microbiology and neurology is its low penetration depth - it is very difficult to image structures deeper than approximately 1 mm inside tissue. Conventional endoscopes use refractive or GRIN lens with cross-section of several milimeters in diameter. Therefore, it is necessary to find less invasive probes to perform imaging in living organisms. Favourable alternative is to use multimode optical fiber probe with 100 micrometer diameter. This approach, however, requires advanced shaping of the wavefront in order to achieve diffraction limited imaging.
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Nursing care of the patient with pancreatic carcinoma
BELLA, Inna
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic 'Nursing Care for Patients with an Oncological Disease of the Pancreas'. It maps the work of a nurse taking care of a patient, with regard to the investigative methods in proving the disease of carcinoma of the pancreas and with regard to an inpatient part of the gastroenterological department. Goals of this thesis are: 1. To find out specifics about the nursing care with respect to patients with an oncological disease of the pancreas, 2. To find out the role of a general nurse during the investigative methods regarding the oncological disease of the pancreas, 3. To find out possibilities of further education of nurses who provide nursing care for patients with an oncological disease of the pancreas. Three research questions were set beside these goals: 1. What are the specifics of a nurse caring for patients with an oncological disease of the pancreas? 2. What is the role of a general nurse during the investigative methods of an oncological disease of the pancreas?, 3. What are the possibilities of further education of nurses who provide nursing care for patients with an oncological disease of the pancreas? Part of this bachelor thesis research consists of the qualitative research investigation with the usage of a semi-structured interview. Research investigation took part in the gastroenterological department where there were situated both inpatient and endoscopic parts of the department. Endoscopic nurses were asked questions that focused on the care of a patient before, during, and after the examination. Nurses who work in the inpatient part of the gastroenterology spoke about the specifics of the nursing care of a patient with carcinoma of the pancreas. Endoscopic nurses agreed that the most important part in their work is the usage of endoscopic devices and instrumentarium, their disinfection and sterilization. Also, they agreed that equally important are preparation and care of a patient during and after an examination and an assistance to a doctor during the examination. Nurses in the inpatient department who take care of a patient with carcinoma of the pancreas state that their nursing care focuses on the preparation of a patient for examination, on dealing with pain and nutrition with respect to the patient, and also on a quality of nursing care in a terminal stage. Results of this bachelor thesis could be used as a study material for students who deal with this topic and especially for new nurses in the gastroenterological department.
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Nurse's work at gastroenterological out-patient's ward
KOTKOVÁ, Stanislava
This bachelor work "Nurse's work at gastroenterological out-patien's ward" maps the work of nurse at gastroenterological out-patient's ward, the nurse needs to have a technical qualification, needs to know how to organize her work and how to take care of a patient and how to communicate. The work of gastroenterological nurse is really challenging according to constantly developing technologies. The theoretical part describes nursing methods and specifics of nurse's work. The research part was realized through qualitative survey via semi-structured discussion. The aims of the work were: 1. To find specialties of the nurse's work at gastroenterological out-patient's ward and 2. Figure out choices in further education of nurses working at gastroenterological out-patient's ward. There were stated three research questions: 1) What is the content of the nurse's work at gastroenterological out-patient's ward? 2) What is specific about the communication between the nurse and the patient? 3. What possibilities do nurse working at the gastroenterological out-patient's ward have in further education? Although the research was made in two different hospitals, nurses almost agreed on the content of their work. The survey showed that nurses do a lot of work: they guarantee the functioning of out-patient's ward, they communicate with the doctor and the patient, they watch out for endoscopes, they take biological material etc. We found out that nurses have a lot of opportunities for further education which hospital offers such as courses, seminars and workshops. The results of this work could be used as a source of information for nurses working at gastroenterological out-patient's ward or as a studying material for new coming nurses. These results could also be presented in professional magazines and in professional conferences.
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Summary report on radiographic documentation of figurative decorations in the Bučovice castle ceremony hall
Valach, Jaroslav ; Eisler, Marek
This report summarizes the results of radiographic and endoscopic investigation of stucco and figural decorations located in the ceremony hall at the castle in Bučovice, Vyškov county. The internal structure of the statues and ornaments and their varying degree of fracture damage was documented using a portable set comprised of source and recording plates. The support structures used by the original artists as a vantage point for the modelling of their intended shapes were revealed and examined by means of radiography and endoscopy. This data is important for the art historian’s investigation of this cultural monument. Included in the report is a set of photographs and radiographs and their interpretation.
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Nasojejunal tube placement techniques
Součková, Veronika ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Paul, Oldřich (referee)
Author's title and name: Bc. Veronika Součková Institute: Charles University, Prague 1. Faculty of medicine Kateřinská 32, 121 08, Prague 2 Study branch: follow-up Master's - intensive care Study programme: specialization in intensive care Title: Nasojejunal tube placement techniques Consultant: MUDr. František Novák, Ph.D. Number of pages: 81 Number of attachments: 3 Number of tables, grafs and pictures: 24 Year of presentation: 2013 Keywords: Nasojejunal tube, placement techniques, enteral nutrition, endoscopy, fluoroscopy, blind bedside technique This dissertation is dedicated to the issue and options in the field of nasojejunal tubes placement technique. Theoretical part aims at the description of methods and procedures of placing the nasojejunal tube and briefly mentions possible complications and principles of enteral nutrition, which is administrated by this method. Empirical part of the dissertation aims at the comparison of placement the nasojejunal tube using the blind bedside technique developed at intensive care unit in General University Hospital in Prague to, endoscopic and fluoroscopic methods. The research brings description and comparison of the most frequently used methods of placement the feeding tube into the small intestine.
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The role of nurses in endoscopic examinations
URBANOVÁ, Radka
Nowadays, endoscopy is considered one of the most widely used methods of examination. It enables not only the examination of bodily cavities, but also the extraction of tissue or other medical procedures. Endoscopic examinations are widely used. Thanks to preventive colonoscopies, diagnoses of the widely spread colorectal carcinoma occur in time. Another type of an endoscopy selected for the thesis is a gastroscopy. It allows the removal of foreign objects or the diagnosis of pathological changes in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The last of the selected examinations is the Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP). It is considered the most reliable method for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, which occurs with increasing frequency. Additionally, it is the only one of the selected endoscopic examinations which combines endoscopy with X-ray imaging. It has, therefore, become unique due to the direct imaging of the pancreatic and biliary tracts. This disadvantage of endoscopic examination creates certain complications. These may occur during the procedure as well as in various intervals following the examination. It is, therefore, essential that patients are thoroughly prepared, examined by a doctor beforehand and that the execution of each examinations is sufficiently thought through. The work of nurses in endoscopic workplaces has certain specifics. These nurses must be able-bodies and must have technical and manual skills, since they need to operate costly endoscopic equipment. It is of utmost importance that the nurses have good communication skills, as they are the ones who come into contact with the patients most often. They should be able to alleviate the concerns of the patient, since this is the main purpose of their work. Last but not least, every endoscopic nurse should also have very good theoretical knowledge regarding the anatomy and physiology of the digestive tract, as well as expertise in the field of endoscopy.
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Problems of nursing care in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
RYVOLA, Lukáš
Theoretical groundwork Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP from now on) is nowadays referred to as the golden standard in diagnostics and treatment of bile duct and pancreas diseases. At the same time it is regarded as the most reliable method of modern medicine in diagnostics of most common oncogenic diseases of pancreas. This examination combines endoscopic diagnostics with X-ray screening and it is unique thanks to the direct display of bile and pancreas ducts. Final picture is made by probing of Vater papillae filled by a contrastive liquid. Other merit consists of completing eventual therapy that follows the diagnostic ERCP. Disadvantages of this examination are complications that may arise already when probing or after a certain period of time. Therefore it is essential to consider each ERCP procedure carefully. Nursering ERCP at the endoscopy section as well as at the ward block of the gastrointestinal department bears its particularities. The priority at the endoscopic section is to employ manually and technically competent nurses skilled in ERCP so they can assist the gastrointestinalist properly. The nurses must be also able to establish contact with the patient to guide him through the examination, using professional skills. Exactly the nurses moderate possible concerns of the examined person. Communication at the ward block is crucial as well ? the nurses explain particularities of the treatment and instruct the patient in basic rules of hospitalisation. They also must be professionally skilled to care for patients after ERCP. Goals of the thesis The aim of this thesis is to monitor particularities of nursing ERCP at the endoscopic section of the gastrointestinal department and to learn how the general treatment of ERCP patients is carried out at the ward block.Qualitative methodology was used for the empirical part of the thesis. Data were collected by interviewing and hidden observations.Results The research survey indicated that ERCP examination nursing treatment bears its particularities that are well known and reflected by nurses at the endoscopy section. Patients confirm that the skills of nurses minimize their stress when undergoing the treatment. The survey indicated that an ERCP examination should be assisted by a nurse with not only technical and manual skills but also empathic and anticipating qualities in order to react appropriately without confusion. Nurses should be able to explain the treatment to the patient properly and to create a comfortable ambience. The survey also indicates that nurses actively seek for courses to keep their knowledge up to date. Particular complications are managed very well by the nurses, they are familiar with specific complications and are always prepared and able to provide the patients adequate nursing. Nursing at the ward block is also at high level in the field of knowledgeableness when informing patients or preparing arrangements and regimes. The patients themselves are satisfied with the overall care after the ERCP examination. The hidden observations show that the nursing after ERCP examination follows the literature properly. Pleasant surprise was that nurses at the ward block of the gastrointestinal department fully implement the five parts of nursing process ? from reviewing the health status of the patient in the beginning to their final evaluation, and that they concurrently create up-to-date nursing diagnoses.
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