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Measurement module based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy intended for hydrogen fuel cell research
Přecechtěl, Vít ; Pazdera, Ivo (referee) ; Procházka, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with diagnostic fuel-cell parameters using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The document begins with brief explanation of fuel-cell operation and its basic principles. Thesis continues with description of fuel-cell voltage generation and influence of charge dual-layer on impedance. After that electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, signals used for perturbation and evaluation of impedance spectrum using Bode a Nyquist plot is described. Next part explains measurement of impedance spectrum using potentiostat in combination with lock-in amplifier or frequency response analyzer. Practical part of thesis is dedicated to electric circuit design of EIS module and software designed for automatic measurement of impedance spectrum. Last part shows results of EIS module testing.
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Impedance spectroscopy characterization of perovskite solar cell materials
Křečková, Jitka ; Vanýsek, Petr (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
The Master‘s thesis deals with the topic of perovskite solar cells with the main focus on the materials used for the active layer. In the introductory part, the electrical and optical properties of halide perovskites are described and specific examples of perovskite crystals are introduced. The description of impedance and photoimpedance measurement methods used for characterization of perovskite solar cells is also included in the thesis. The measurement of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted on four perovskite crystals and equivalent circuit was formed to fit the obtained data. Parameters of the circuit elements were acquired using the fitting method and were further evaluated in experimental part of this thesis.
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Study of intercalation properties of electrode materials based on expanded graphite
Vencelides, Lukáš ; Máca, Josef (referee) ; Libich, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of electrochemical cells and deals in detail with lithium-ion batteries. The thesis describes the history of development of lithium-ion batteries, basic information about lithium and basic types of electrochemical cells. The work is devoted in detail to the description of characteristics and operating principle of lithium-ion batteries with emphasis on the negative electrode and negative electrode materials. Of the negative electrode materials, both the most widely used material graphite and modern materials with a great potential for the future are described. In the measurement methods the work describes methods CV, GCPL and EIS. Great emphasis is placed on the explanation of the principle of the function of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and its application in measurement of electrochemical properties of materials used in lithium-ion batteries. There is also described the procedure of calculation of diffusion coefficients using the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the practical part, two methods are used to calculate the diffusion coefficients of lithium ions into the negative electrode made of expanded flake graphite using the results of a series of electrochemical measurements.
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Corrosion protection of ZE10 and ZE41 magnesium alloys with fluoride conversion coatings
Matějka, Lukáš ; Tkacz, Jakub (referee) ; Fintová, Stanislava (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with preparation of fluoride conversion coatings and evaluation of electrochemical corrosion characteristics of magnesium alloys ZE10 and ZE41 in SBF solution. The main aim of the work is to increase the corrosion resistance of the investigated magnesium alloys using fluoride conversion coatings. The influence of the conditions of the preparation of the conversion coatings on their morphology and the corrosion resistance of the coated alloys will be studied. The electrochemical corrosion characteristics of the magnesium alloys with conversion coatings will be evaluated by potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Preparation Techniques and Characterization of Electrodes with Nanostructured Surface
Hrdý, Radim ; Trnková, Libuše (referee) ; Janderka,, Pavel (referee) ; Hubálek, Jaromír (advisor)
Nowadays, nanostructures fixed on solid substrates and colloidal nanoparticles permeate through all areas of human life, in area of sensors and detection as well. This dissertation thesis deals with the fabrication of nanostructures on the surface of planar electrodes via self-ordered nanoporous template of aluminum trioxide. The nanofabrication, as one of many possible techniques, is used to increase the active surface area of electrodes by creating unique surface types with specific properties. These electrodes are very perspective in the applications, such as biomolecules electrochemical detection and measurement. The transformation of aluminum layer into non-conductive nanoporous template in the process of anodic oxidation is a fundamental technique employed to obtain the array of nanostructures in this thesis. The fabrication of high quality nanoporous membranes with narrow pore size distribution on various types of metallic multilayers is one of the key experimental parts in this work. Several problems associated with the production of the thin-film systems, including the dissolving the barrier oxide layer, are discussed and solved. Another part of this work deals with the use of nanoporous membrane as a template for the production of metallic nanostructures via electrochemical metal ions deposition directly into the pores. The obtained nanostructures as nanowires, nanorods or nanodots are characterized by the scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive or wavelength X-ray spectroscopy. The electrode surface, modified by gold nanostructures suitable for the detection of biomolecules, has been chosen for the electrochemical measurements, due to the gold biocompatibility. The nanostructured electrodes were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The effect of nanostructured surface geometrical parameters, including the size of the electrochemically active area, on the results of electrochemical measurements has been observed and compared to flat gold electrodes. Two model biomolecules, namely guanine and glutathione, have been chosen for the study of potential application of these nanostructures in biosensors.
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Liquid electrolytes for supercapacitors
Bill, Jan ; Dvořák, Petr (referee) ; Sedlaříková, Marie (advisor)
This work deals with the preparation of liquid electrolytes from different types of aprotic solvents with the aim of their application as electrolytes in electrochemical supercapacitors. Different sorts of aprotic solvents have been chosen, in which the following forms of salts were used: LiBF4, LiClO4,LiPF6. In the next part of the work, the properties of these solvents were measured and the best electrolyte, according to the biggest possible capacity of the system, was chosen. In the theoretical part of this work, the physical principle of supercapacitors and their propeties are described. It deals with electrolytes, their division and with the properties that are appropriate for supercapacitors. The experimental part of the work describes the process of preparation of the samples of electrodes, electrolytes and the techniques of measuring their capacities.
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Impedance measurement of lead-acid accumulator properties
Vaculík, Sebastian ; Neoral, Jiří (referee) ; Abraham, Pavel (advisor)
This work deals with the new and unique four-point method measurement of the impedance characteristics for experimental positive electrode. The theoretical part provides a short introduction to the electrochemical power sources, including the lead-acid batteries, which were used for measurement. Furthermore, there is description of the principle of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and analysis of obtained data by using the equivalent circuit, consisting of passive components. The experimental section is devoted to the description of the device, which is used for realization of connection of electrodes with Potenciostat VSP, and program which is used for the simplification of processing of results. The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to get better understanding of lead-acid accumulators and impedance measurements. At practical part of the thesis I performed first measurements by two-step method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Analysis of liquid electrolyte electrical parameters using impedance spectroscopy
Brabenec, Josef ; Pikula, Stanislav (referee) ; Havránek, Zdeněk (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with impedance spectroscopy of electrochemical systems, especially liquid electrolytes. The method of impedance spectroscopy is widely used to describe electrochemical cells, batteries and electrolytes for diagnostic purposes over a wide range of frequencies. This thesis presents the main types of impedance imaging in the complex and frequency domain, as well as basic information on the measurement methods used and the methods for impedance analysis. The main part of the thesis was the development of software for automated impedance measurements and estimation of equivalent circuit parameters using basic and specialized circuit elements. A workplace with fabricated electrodes for liquid electrolyte measurements was prepared for the application. The functionality of the application was verified by real measurements of different concentrations of water and salt solutions. The validity of the estimated equivalent circuit parameters was verified on measured simple circuits connected from basic circuit elements and was also verified using the commercially used ZView software.
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Development of Novel Electrochemical Methods Using Various Membrane Materials for Monitoring of Selected Anticancer Drugs and Phytochelatins
Skalová, Štěpánka ; Barek, Jiří (advisor) ; Labuda, Ján (referee) ; Trnková, Libuše (referee)
Present Ph.D. Thesis is focused on the development of electrochemical methods for determination of anticancer drugs using various types of membranes for their preliminary separation. Furthermore, this Thesis reports the study of transport mechanisms of heavy metals in the presence of phytochelatins across biological membranes. Sodium anthraquinone-2-sulphonate (AQS) was used as a model compound for its similar structure with anthraquinone-based (AQ-based) anticancer drugs (doxo/daunorubicin) and also due to its better availability. All these compounds can be easily electrochemically oxidized and/or reduced. Redox behaviour of AQS was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in a cathodic region on mercury meniscus modified (m-AgSAE) and polished silver solid amalgam (p-AgSAE) electrodes, Obtained results were used for the development of a micro-volume voltammetric cell (MVVC). Its applicability for voltammetric determination of anticancer drugs was verified by using doxorubicin (DX) as a model substance. The second part of this Thesis deals with therapeutic monitoring of anticancer drugs in the blood circulation of the patients. For pilot experiments, a liquid-flow system with dialysis catheter and amperometric detection was used. The flow rate of carrier...
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Catalytic and adsorption properties of papain and its derivatives
Lachmanová, Štěpánka ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Karpenko, Vladimír (referee)
The aminoacid sequence of papain (EC 3.4.22.2) consists of 212 aminoacids. It has only one free sulfhydryl group, which is located in the active site of the protein. Some organometallic complexes could be bonded only to this free -SH group due to their structure. The artificial metalloproteins synthesised by this way may have different electrochemical properties. In this work, we have studied the electrochemical properties of papain and its derivatives. We compared the ability of papain and its three artificial derivatives to catalyse the hydrogen evolution by the chronopotenciometry. The work was completed by the study of the electrochemical properties of the organometallic complexes of ruthenium, which were used for the artificial metalloprotein preparation. The electrochemical properties of the compounds were never studied before. The process of the hydrogen evolution catalysed by the proteins is held in the adsorbed state of the catalyst. Due to this fact we have also studied the adsorption properties of papain on the substrates with different level of hydrofobicity. (In Czech)
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