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Optimalizace ekologického zemědělství a vybraných agroenvironmentálních opatření s důrazem na ochranu přírody a krajiny
Výzkumný ústav meliorací a ochrany půdy, Praha ; Ústav zemědělské ekonomiky a informací, Praha ; Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Olomouc ; Bioinsitut, Olomouc ; Novák, Pavel ; Pražan, Jaroslav ; Kuras, Tomáš ; Šarapatka, Bořivoj
Projekt se zaměřuje na současné ekologické zemědělství a na vybraná agroenvironmentální opatření s cílem zkvalitnění systému a posílení přínosů pro ochranu přírody a krajiny. Projekt ve své experimentální i aplikační části přináší návrhy optimalizace ekologického zemědělství a vybraných agroenvironmentálních opatření, prospěšné pro ochranu přírody a krajiny. Výsledky řešení budou aplikovatelné i v zemědělství konvenčním, zvláště budou vhodné pro chráněné oblasti. V problematice pedologie byla věnována pozornost především erozi a úbytku organické hmoty v půdě. Byly studovány vytypované farmy a prováděn botanický průzkum, který ovlivňuje návrh hospodaření. Průzkum společenství bezobratlých vyústil v doporučení ponechat neposečené lemy po celé vegetační období a určení jejich nejvhodnější pozice. Ornitologický výzkum prokázal prospěšnost na loukách, na kterých byly zastoupeny keře a stromy a na loukách s pozdní sečí. Dále bylo prokázáno, že je možné zabezpečit hnízdiště chřástala v jeho preferovaném biotopu. Byly dopracovány návrhy na odpovídající agroenvironmentální opatření založené na získaných přírodovědných poznatcích.
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Evaluation of production characteristics of sheep in organic farming
KALIANKOVÁ, Eva
The purpose of my graduation theses on the theme ? sheep breending at the ecological farm? was toanalyze the level of uses properities sheep and economic indicators at the ecological farm Račín situated in mountain part of Šumava. The detail information from studies of the technical literature specialized on ecological agriculture were brought out to analyze the whole questions of sheep breending at the ecological farm Račín. Meat yield was evaluated . The evaluation of reproduction was based on four basic reproductive indexes. The weight of 100 days old sheep and the production of wool were detected by scaling. Detected values were lower in most of indexes than published indexes. This fact is connected with detected inadequacies of lairage, nutrition and breending organization. Steps were suggested to eliminate these inaquacies and to innovate the level of breending in conclusion.
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The standard of chosen sheep farm analysis
HRBKOVÁ, Jana
Sheep breeding is very suitable branch to be practised on the mountain. The thesis deals with sheep breeding level in chosen mountain stud. The purpose of the thesis is interpretation of quality indicators of sheep at the farm and also making financial analysis. At the close there can be found some recommended disposal how to improve enterprise efficiency.
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Comparison of the reproduction of the goats on the ecological and the conventional farm
PRAVDOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of my diploma thesis is comparison and evaluation of reproduction of goats on an eco-farm and on a conventional farm. Measures of reproduction of observed herds were assessed in the years of 2009 and 2010 on an eco-farm Hana Langová and on a conventional farm Bára Schneedorferová. On an eco-farm, a herd of 20 does was observed. Crossbreeds of White shorthaired goat, Brown shorthair goat, Boer goat and Anglo-Nubian goat; all bred with a White shorthaired buck and a Boer buck. On a conventional farm, a herd of 24 White shorthaired does and two crossbred does of White and Brown shorthaired goat was observed in 2009. In 2010, only 18 does were observed. In both years the does were bred with two Brown shorthair bucks. The measured results were compared with milk efficiency results between the two years and also between the farms. In both years, higher fertility was discovered on an eco-farm. On a conventional farm, very low fertility was observed in 2009 (116 %). On the other hand, fertilization was higher than on an eco-farm in both years. Very big difference was also observed in the ratio of male kids, which was in both years higher on a conventional farm, where all the bred animals (apart from one) are hornless. Reproduction is to a high extent influenced by external environmental factors and to a very small extent by genetics. A whole range of possible effects was omitted from the observations, however, the main ones were noted. Of all the observed measures of reproduction, the only one which could be substantially influenced by the breeding method is fertility.
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Infobases of supply of organically certified seed
HŮDA, Pavel
Quality seed for sowing is a small but importatnt part of plant production. The seed for sowing of high quality influences positivelly productional ability of vegetation, vitality as well as proceeds. It is a basis of succesful economy of field crops cultivation in the system of ecological agriculture. In the bachelor dissertation the database of information for ecologically certificated seeds for sowing were analysed from the point of view of availibility, utilization, structure of data and proposal. Then the structure of really used seeds for sowing in ecological agriculture in the Czech Republic was evaluated. Literature summary is focused to the principles of seed reproduction, ecological seed production legislation and seed checking and inspection. The bachelor dissertation results in low share of areas of reproduction in comparision with the total area of arable soil in ecological agriculture. It is related to insufficient proposal of bioquality seeds in the Czech Republic, for example in comparison with neighbouring Austria. Ecological farmers establish vegetations in practice and they mostly use farmer seeds (58%), conventional unimpregnate seeds (37%) and minimum of bioquality seeds (5%).
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Business In The Ecological Agriculture
VANĚČKOVÁ, Hana
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the structure and the economics of organic farming in the chosen company. There are some notes from literature in the theoretical part, which explain the basic concepts of organic farming, its objectives and principles. Following sections focus on the current status of organic agriculture, control and subsidies. Special attention is paid to the issue of calculation. There is an analysis of the structure of costs and incomes of vegetable and livestock production in the practical part. The analysis shows that the company should have been focused on increasing income and better realization of their own production. Also the conclusion of the analysis is that the company is unable to manage without financial support.
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Limits of organic farming on arable land in the Czech Republic - experiences of organic farmers
MASNER, Miroslav
The aim of the thesis has been to investigate what are the most limiting aspects for ecological farmers in terms of their arable soil management. Furthermore, in which parts of valid legislation can the questioned individuals see the biggest limitations of their activity and, on the other hand, which limits aren´t the problem for them. The method of questionnaire research have been used to investigate the limitations. The questionnaire information were processed during the personal visits of the agriculturers at the place of their business. From the questionnaire survey has ensued that a small range of anti-weed, anti-plant pests and diseases agents, unsatisfactory market with ecological generative material, meeting of a nitrogen dose being applied in farm produced fertilizers, which is assesed at the height of 170 kg N/ ha per year, limitate the farmers having been questioned. Furthermore, the farmers expressed their feeling of being limited with the height of purchase and redemption price of products and with the dotations administration for which they don´t ask regularly.
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The usage of organic food at the kindergartens (České Budějovice)
MESÁROŠOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis deals with research in the use possibilities of organic food in kindergartens in the town of České Budějovice on two levels (management and parents).It was found out that some of the kindergartens are using organic food. The biggest barrier to the using of organic food in kindergartens is their price. Most parents are satisfied with the quality of food in their kindergartens. Furthermore it could be said, that the parents know organic food but it can?t be confirmed the hypothesis that says parents would welcome the use of organic food in kindergarten?s canteens. The results indicate that not all the parents are able to accept the minimum of price increase in meal at the kindergartens. In the end there are recommended some local organic food which could be appropriate for using in the kindergartens in the town of České Budějovice.
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Yield formation of winter wheat in ecological agriculture
HERINK, Jakub
This work deal with formation of winter wheat yield. Winter wheat was grown after three different previous crops: trifolium, potatoes, PCC. The experiment was aimed on creating yield components: numer of plants per square meter, numer of grains per spike, the weight of one thousand grains. There were performed measurements dutiny the vegetation and there was calculated theoretic and real yield.
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