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Changes in fertility characteristics and population structures in Southern and Eastern Europe: interrelationships and contexts
Kahoun, Lukáš ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Changes in fertility characteristics and population structures in Southern and Eastern Europe: interrelationships and contexts Abstract There were significant changes in fertility characteristics and population structures between 1970 and 2020 in both Southern and Eastern Europe. This transition is associated with the concept of the second demographic transition by some authors. An unconventional methodology is used for its research in this thesis. Two three-dimensional scatter plots, which at the same time form unit cubes, are constructed using three selected indicators of both changes (fertility and structures). The distance between individual observations by examined years is interpreted as the dynamics of the transition of the given decades. The dynamics values from both scatter plots are then analyzed and compared with the others. The results show that changes between fertility characteristics and population structures are related to a certain extent, but the observed differences between regions or the specifics of some states complicate the generalization of this relationship. These conclusions also agree with the literature published so far. Key words: fertility, population structures, second demographic transition, data visualization, three-dimensional scatter plot Character count: 149 752
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Childless children: voluntary childlessness within young generation - radio documentary
Špetová, Lucie ; Němcová Tejkalová, Alice (advisor) ; Lovaš, Karol (referee)
This thesis, complemented with a 37-minute-long radio documentary, deals with the phenomenon of voluntary childlessness within the young generation. The radio documentary presents the lives of four young people in the age range from 20 to 30 who have decided to remain childless. Personal testimonies of two men and two women are accompanied with the explanation of experts on this given topic from the psychological, sociological, and economical point of view. The practical part is supported by this theoretical work which briefly introduces the phenomenon of voluntary childlessness, its history, the most common reasons leading to this decision and problematic aspects connected with it. As sources, I use expert literature and other open sources as well as the information I have received from the interviews from experts made exclusively for this bachelor thesis.
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Population Development of Countries after Demographic Revolution
Vítková, Lucie ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee) ; Langhamrová, Jitka (referee)
Lucie Vítková: Populační vývoj zemí po demografické revoluci Abstract The aim of the thesis is an analysis of main features of population development in developed countries and a question whether there is homogeneity of population development. Demographic revolution is a qualitative change from extensive to intensive character of demographic reproduction and it is a subject to modernization. Countries which are understood not only as demographically developed ones but also as economically developed has been taken as an object of this thesis. These countries finished demographic revolution at the latest in the middle of the 20th century. This period has been used as a starting point for most analysis which has been carried out. Demographic reproduction is a process determined by biological and social factors. Human reproduction takes place in relatively stable limits, which lead to its homogenization. The importance of social conditionality has grown during demographic revolution, social aspects are the cause of their development changes and specific features, same social conditions lead to homogenization. Presumption of different features of population development as consequence of different conditions in former Eastern and Western countries has been confirmed not only in individual main demographic indexes...
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Changes in Family Behaviour in the Czech Republic since 1990s
Polesná, Helena ; Hamplová, Dana (advisor) ; Duffková, Jana (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze the changes in family behavior in Czech Republic especially using the framework of the second demographic transition. Attention was focused on the analysis of attitudes towards new form partnerships and childbearing and development reproductive behavior in Czech Republic. In this analysis using data of two surveys ISSP (1994, 2002, 2012) and EVS (1990, 1999, 2008). The trajectories of changes in Czech Republic were compared with trajectories of transformation in selected post-communist countries. Different trajectories of transformation have been identified for postcommunist countries. The results in many aspects suggested Czech Republic has been approaching the North-western European countries. However, important the Czech Republic seems to be much further in the process of the second demographic transition in comparison with many post- communist countries. Keywords family behavior, attitude, family, the second demographic transition, postcommunist countries
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Population development in the post-socialist countries of EU at both national and regional level in the context of the second demographic transition
Procházka, Ondřej ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Population development in the post-socialist countries of EU at both national and regional level in the context of the second demographic transition Abstract This diploma thesis aims to analyse changes in demographic behaviour in the post-socialist countries of today's EU and confront them with the concept of the second demographic transition, or other alternative concepts, which are detailly discussed in the theoretical part. The period between 1980-2018 was covered - shortly before, during and after the transformation period. The analytical part consists of three parts: state and regional analysis with the addition of results from the GGS sample survey. The results confirmed the specificity of this region, differences in the development of traditional and liberal countries, significant regional differentiation in the development of demographic indicators and different causes of demographic change in the countries most affected by the transformation (Bulgaria, Romania and partially the Baltic states). The conclusions correspond to previous research, which emphasizes the need to consider different region-specific development trajectories, or the use of diverse concepts. Keywords: GGS, postponement transition concept, post-socialist countries, regional level, second demographic transition, social anomie...
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Motivation of young people to enter into marriage
Chytrá, Valérie ; Hasmanová Marhánková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Mazáková Šetinová, Markéta (referee)
In the last thirty years, significant changes in demographic behaviour took place in the Czech Republic. This thesis focuses on the current form of family behaviour, namely marriage, for young people who have married at a relatively younger age than is currently common. The nature of the marital relationship is viewed and critically reflected through the lens of individualization in the work of A. Giddens and U. Beck. In addition to marriage itself, the work deals with its position among other transitions of young adulthood, and thus the shape of the life course of young people. The research of this work was performed by a qualitative method and technique of semi-structured interviews. It is concluded that marriage has primarily a symbolic meaning, but its practical consequences are also important. The main meaning of marriage is the formal confirmation of the partners' commitment to each other. The marital commitment serves as a means of communication between the spouses themselves, as well as between them and their social environment. The specific age situation given by the relatively lower age of marriage is mainly reflected in the feeling of the existence of certain age and adulthood norms, which, however, are no longer binding, and if they do not match the value orientation or economic...
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Population development in Sweden since 1960
Nováková, Iveta ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population development in Sweden since 1960 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the population development in Sweden between 1960 and 2018. The main goal of this work is to evaluate in the context of selected demographic characteristics the course of demographic changes that appeared in the country after 1960. The result is changes in the level of demographic reproduction, which are referred to as the second demographic transition. From the 1960s to the present, Sweden has seen an increase in the average age at first marriage, an increase in the average age of the mother giving birth and an increase in the number of divorces. During the observed period, the Swedish population aged, the share of the pre-productive component of the population decreased, while the share of the post-productive component in the population increased. The development of total fertility in Sweden is often compared to a roller coaster due to its specific fluctuation. From 1960 to 2018, Sweden saw a decline in mortality rates, especially in the older age groups and up to one year of age, which was reflected in the values of life expectancy at birth that grew for both men and women. Sweden is inspiring for other European countries with its gender-neutral family and social policy. Keywords: population development, Sweden, second...
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Development of population age structure in Litoměřice in postsocialist period
Jančura, Václav ; Pospíšilová, Lucie (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
In the socialist era, the historical centre and the inner city of Litoměřice were neglected. The development of the town was focused on the development of blocks of flats, which provided facilities especially for young families with small children. In 1989, the socialist regime collapsed in Czechoslovakia, which led to the democratization of the Litoměřice society. Socialist blocks of flats lost their attractiveness of housing. The youngest parts of the city became rapidly ageing. On the other hand, the neglected historical centre and also the inner city of Litoměřice underwent the process of revitalization after 1989. Newly reconstructed apartments became places for life of many young people, thus the process of demographic ageing of these parts of the city has been slowed down. The spatially differentiated age structure of the Litoměřice population has changed since 1989 due to the process of the second demographic transition, demographic ageing and new urban processes. The aim of the thesis is therefore to describe and explain the evolution of the age structure of Litoměřice and its spatial differentiation in post-socialist period. Keywords: age structure, second demographic transition, demographic ageing, revitalization, postsocialist period, Litoměřice
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Singles in the Czech Republic in the perspective of changing value orientation
Hromádková, Václava ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
The intention of this study is to analyze an evolution of singles in the Czech Republic from 90s from the perspective of a second demographic transition. I will focus on the singles' characteristic according to marital status, education level, economic activity and territorial location. This study also contains an analysis of attitude and value orientation in the Czech Republic in issues concerning family and relationships. The main source of data for the analysis is data from the Czech Statistical Office and data from sociological survey European Values Study which includes the information about the use binary logistic regression the changes of attitudes according to chosen characteristics of respondents. Results of the study show that the proportion of singles in the population of the Czech Republic is increasing. Results of the value orientation analysis say that there was a big change of value orientation in the Czech Republic. The new alternative forms of living and cohabitation of partners have been more popular since 1990. Younger unmarried people are considered as pioneers of the new lifestyle. These people often have university education.
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Changes in Family Behaviour in the Czech Republic since 1990s
Polesná, Helena ; Hamplová, Dana (advisor) ; Duffková, Jana (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze the changes in family behavior in Czech Republic especially using the framework of the second demographic transition. Attention was focused on the analysis of attitudes towards new form partnerships and childbearing and development reproductive behavior in Czech Republic. In this analysis using data of two surveys ISSP (1994, 2002, 2012) and EVS (1990, 1999, 2008). The trajectories of changes in Czech Republic were compared with trajectories of transformation in selected post-communist countries. Different trajectories of transformation have been identified for postcommunist countries. The results in many aspects suggested Czech Republic has been approaching the North-western European countries. However, important the Czech Republic seems to be much further in the process of the second demographic transition in comparison with many post- communist countries. Keywords family behavior, attitude, family, the second demographic transition, postcommunist countries
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