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Individualization in music education in heterogeneous classroom at the first level of primary school with regard to current trends in education
Růžičková, Veronika
This dissertation thesis deals with individualization in music education in a heterogeneous class- room at the first level of primary school. The theoretical part focuses on the turnaround in edu- cation that occurred with the advent of reform pedagogy, bringing about efforts to change teaching,differentiation of studentsand curriculum,individualization of learning, and specialed- ucation projects. The text organizes the findings of general pedagogy, which are followed by the principles and suggestions of the disciplinary didactics concerning the teaching of music educa- tion. At the same time, the specifics that distinguish music education from other subjects and influence the feasibility of individualization or the choice of appropriate methods are presented. The chronological arrangement of the findings from the general and disciplinary didactics is completed with a description of the situation in the present school. This is characterised by the 'diverse classroom', in which pupils with different talents, from different family back- grounds, with different attitudes to education, music and culture, or speaking different mother tongues learn together. The elaboration of the topic takes into account the current trends in education (formulated in the Strategy for Education Policy of the Czech...
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Individualization, differentiation, and personalization in mathematics in the Czech Republic through three different approaches: Scheme-oriented, Child-centred, and Undesignated
Brožová, Miroslava ; Coufalová, Jana (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee) ; Rowland, Tim (referee)
The goal of the presented work was to determine whether and how individualization, differentiation, and personalization are utilized in the principles of the selected programs and in the teachers' beliefs and practices in the teaching of mathematics at elementary school. In order to collect data, six teachers in the Czech Republic were selected with three different approaches to teaching- Scheme oriented approach, child-centred educational approach, and an undesignated mainstream approach. The basic concepts and all three selected approaches to teaching were defined in the theoretical part of the work. In the experimental part, episodes from interviews about beliefs and practices identified in teaching were interpreted within the context of characteristics of individualization, differentiation, and personalization. Practices such as the use of textbooks and homework assignments were specifically described. The study shows that teachers of a scheme-oriented approach and a child-centred educational approach use elements of individualization, differentiation, and personalization in their practices. Individualization appears in the teaching of the undesignated mainstream approach, but this approach does not contain aspects of differentiation and personalization. The analysis in all monitored areas of...
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Study of differential potential of germ stem cells in vitro in higher vertebrates
Smolík, Ondřej ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Spermatogonial stem cells are unipotent male germ cells which provide spermatogenesis during the whole life. In 2004, an important experiment was conducted. During in vitro cultivation mouse spermatogonial stem cells gained the characteristics of embryonic stem cells, pluripotency by all means. Those cells had the feature to spontaneously differentiate into all three germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. They also could pass its genetic information to the next generation and they could give rise to teratomas. By this event, experiments started on other vertebrates including rodents, domestic animals and also human. Differentiation of these cells can be directed in vitro to generate specific cell types. On base of these facts, spermatogonial stem cells are alternative source of pluripotent cells which possess many applications in life sciences. The purpose of this thesis is to summarize actual knowledge about differentiation potential in vitro of spermatogonial stem cells in higher vertebrates and try to identify tendencies which they prefer during differentiation, if they exist. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Induction of testicular stem cell differentiation in mammals.
Strnadová, Karolína ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Stem cells represent a unique cell source with potential usage in regenerative medicine and organ transplantation. As is known, spermatogonial stem cells are unipotent giving rise to a single cell type, which is sperm. Pluripotency was achieved by isolation and cultivation of these testicular stem cells in a number of researches. Testicular pluripotent stem cells differentiated in conditions in vitro to derivatives of all three germ layers identically as embryonic stem cells. The aim of this thesis is to characterize stem cells and summarize the findings of testicular stem cell research. The main focus of this thesis is on studies of cultivated pluripotent stem cells derived from mouse and human testes and their ability to differentiate under determinate conditions into the cells of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
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Comparison of the effect of bisphenols on parental and differentiated H9c2 cells
Macáková, Barbora ; Jirkovský, Eduard (advisor) ; Macháček, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Barbora Macáková Supervisor: PharmDr. Eduard Jirkovský, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Comparison of the effect of bisphenols on parental and differentiated H9c2 cells Bisphenol is compound largely found in products and environment around us. Its toxicity and danger for human health is still being studied, meanwhile direct influence of environmentally relevant doses was not discovered. These endocrine disruptors are affecting variousreceptorsin bodiesand effecton cardiovascularsystem isnotexcludedeither.The most extensively studied substance is BPA, which is gradually being replaced by its analogs, although these are not extensively researched to the same extent. In this work we focused on influence of bisphenol BP, M and S on differentiation of H9c2 cells, serving as a model with potential negative effects on heart development and its regeneration after damage. H9c2 cell line has an undifferentiated phenotype but can be easily directed towards differentiation under certain conditions Research was focused on impact of bisphenol on differentiated cells and its changes in the expression of selected differentiation markers (GATA4, Hand2, Tnnt2, Myog) (transcription factors). Set protocols were...
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Morphological differentiation and distribution of taxa in the Galium palustre group
Dohnalová, Pavla ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
This work is focused on the polyploid group of Galium palustre. The process of polyploidization has significantly influenced the evolution of angiosperms and in the studied group led to the emergence of 4 cytotypes known so far. Two of the cytotypes are found in the Czech Republic, diploid and octoploid, distinguished as species Galium palustre and Galium elongatum, respectively. Both taxa are mostly considered as species, which differ in quantitative characteristics, but these show considerable phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, the exact extent of morphological variation, precise distribution and ecology of the species are still unknown. The flow cytometry was used to distinguish cytotypes; it also showed variation in genome size and revealed a new dodecaploid cytotype in the Czech Republic. Subsequent morphometric analysis identified characteristics suitable for distinguishing the individual cytotypes. The most reliable are the length and width of a stem, the length of the leaf, the length of the longest branch, the number of leaves in whorls, the length of the inflorescence and the length of the mericarp. Based on these results, herbarium specimens from several herbaria were examined. The results also showed slightly different ecological preferences of cytotypes and their distribution in the...
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Etiology and mechanisms of pathogenesis of congenital neural crest disorders
Poštulková, Adéla ; Fábik, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Krylov, Vladimír (referee)
The neural crest is an extensively migrating population of cells found only in vertebrates. It is formed in the dorsal part of the neural tube during the early embryonic development by a process called neurulation, in which the neural plate forms and the neuroepithelium subsequently sinks into the embryo. Neural crest cells detach during development and then migrate through the body to their final destinations, where they differentiate into various mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell types (derivatives) under the influence of signals. These derivatives include tissues of the peripheral nervous system, tissues of the endocrine system, pigment cells, facial bones, and other connective tissues. Defective migration of neural crest cells and disruption of their differentiation leads to maldevelopment of the neural crest cells derivatives, and to development a group of syndromes known as neurocristopathies, which include a wide range of malformations. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the current knowledge about individual neural crest diseases and syndromes such as Hirschsprung's disease, Treacher-Collins syndrome, piebaldism and neurofibromatosis, their causes, mechanisms of pathogenesis and possible treatment options. Key words: Neural crest, migration, differentiation, neurocristopathies,...
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The impact of crises on differentiation and integration in the EU: COVID-19 and Ukraine
Běhunčík, Radek ; Martinková, Viera (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Martin (referee)
The European Union has had to deal with an increasing number of crises over the past 15 years. The future of its integration is thus increasingly dependent on concrete crisis responses. At the same time, the increasing heterogeneity of its members makes it more difficult to find compromise solutions, and integration often takes a differentiated path. This paper has attempted to answer the question of what is the impact of crises on the integration and differentiation of the European Union. It did so through an explanatory two-case study of the most recent emergencies - the COVID-19 crisis and the high energy price crisis linked to the war in Ukraine. To find the answer, a congruence analysis of the Union's crisis responses was conducted based on the models of Riddervold et al. The supply and demand theory of differentiation then explained the absence or presence of differentiation. The central data source was the European secondary legislation, frequently neglected by integration theorists. The analysis results find the crises' effects to be pro-integration in the given cases, here primarily in a uniform pattern. However, in the case of COVID-19, the thesis reveals shortcomings of the crisis response models used, pointing to the need for their conceptual reformulation. For a more comprehensive understanding...
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The Formation of Authority in Women's Volleyball: The Influence of Gender on Building Power Techniques and Strategies in Coaching
Nováková, Veronika ; Országhová, Kristína (advisor) ; Numerato, Dino (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is about the influence of gender on the construction of power techniques or strategies that female volleyball coaches use to build their authority. It analyses the attitudes of male and female coaches towards their trainees and their interaction with them, but also with other coaches within the framework of cooperation in one team. The thesis focuses on the individual findings of the interviewed respondents who influence the building of authority and communication with the wards of the performance level of volleyball. The work is based on the assumption that women and men, depending on gender, bring different methods to sport through which they shape their authority and communication. In the theoretical part, gender and the sports environment which is associated with masculinity are discussed (Connell, 1995). Furthermore, attention is paid to the role of the coach and his competencies, including the concept of authority and its distribution, which in the coach's position is central to cooperation with the trainees. The work was prepared using qualitative research methods. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with female volleyball coaches. Their statements and attitudes were supported by non-participant observation. All generated data were analyzed by content...
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Characterization of different differentiation protocols of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts
Gardianová, Anna ; Jirkovský, Eduard (advisor) ; Macháček, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Anna Gardianová Supervisor: PharmDr. Eduard Jirkovský, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Characterization of different differentiation protocols of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts Cell differentiation is a common process in the development of multicellular organisms leading to an alteration of cell's appearance and function. The process of differentiation plays a significant role in the reparation of damaged tissues too. Some chemicals may have negative effects on these processes and therefore affect human health. This thesis focuses on characterization of differentiation processes of H9c2 cell line using various published differentiation protocols, and to describe changes over time in the morphology (occurrence of multinucleated and elongated cells) and mRNA expression of selected markers typical for the cardiac (cTnT, Hand2, GATA4) or skeletal (myogenin) muscle phenotype. We monitored the process of the differentiation for 15 days and the individual protocols differed by the addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS, 1 % or 10 %) and all-trans- retinoic acid (ATRA, 10 nmol/L) to the growth medium Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium. From what we have observed, the results show that all of the utilized protocols...
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