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The influence of nutritional intervention on the development of cardiovascular risk in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus
Bučková Šenkýřová, Hana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Horová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: In recent years, there has been a significant and sustained increase in the incidence of the type II diabetes mellitus. The cause of this phenomenon lies in the inappropriate lifestyle of the population living in economically developed countries. Type II diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of death in diabetics. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of regular nutritional intervention on selected factors influencing cardiovascular risk in type II diabetic patients, more specifically on weight, BMI, amount of fat and muscle mass, waist circumference, WHR, HbA1c, smoking abstinence and blood pressure. In addition, the aim was to ascertain how the resulting change in the factors of interest would vary with the frequency of the intervention, as well as the adherence of type II diabetics to treatment. The outcomes of patients who completed the series of interventions were also compared with those who did not complete the interventions. The success rate of the intervention in patients was also compared according to their gender and age. The final objective was to determine whether the changes achieved in each of the factors studied would be sustained by patients after a 3-month follow-up, when...
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Effect of glipizide on the expression and function of endoglin and related biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus type II
Vochozková, Iva ; Tripská, Katarína (advisor) ; Urbánková Rathouská, Jana (referee)
8 ABSTRACT Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of Diploma Thesis: Effect of glipizide on the expression and function of endoglin and related biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in type II diabetes mellitus Author: Iva Vochozková Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: PharmDr. Katarína Tripská, Ph.D. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to determine how glipizide affects the expression and function of endoglin, its transcription factors and related biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, soluble endoglin levels and monocyte adhesion to human diabetic coronary artery endothelial cells. Methods: In this thesis we worked with human diabetic coronary artery endothelial cells. These were premedicated with glipizide at various times and concentrations. We measured protein expression of endoglin and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction using flow cytometry. We also measured monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells using flow cytometry. We detected soluble endoglin levels by ELISA and measured mRNA expression of endoglin, its transcription factors and markers of inflammation by PCR. Results: We demonstrated that premedication with 200µM concentration of glipizide led to a decrease in endoglin protein expression after 24 and 48 hours. The protein expression...
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The Physical activity of seniors with type II Diabetes Mellitus
TRAJKOVA, Andrea
This thesis deals with the topic of "Physical Activity of Seniors with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". The theoretical part characterizes terms relating to old age, its symptoms and health problems associated with it; type 2 diabetes mellitus; physical activity playing an essential role in the prevention; and non-pharmacological treatment of this disease. The practical part focuses on monitoring physical activities of seniors with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To collect the data for the research a standardized IPAQ long questionnaire was used. A selected group was monitored using Yamax Digiwalker SW 700 pedometers as regards to the number of steps they made. The obtained results were analyzed and compared with the recommendations for physical activities.
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Eating habits of patients with metabolic syndrome
NOVÁČKOVÁ, Anna
Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X, Reaven's syndrome) is frequently occurring disease in Czech Republic. The diagnosis often detected only separated parts of metabolic syndrome which are usually not connected with complex of MS. Medical conditions co-occurred within this syndrome are following: elevated fasting plasma glucose (insulinoresistance), abdominal (central) obesity (women waistline > 88 cm, men waistline > 102 cm), elevated blood pressure, high serum triglycerides (> 1,7 mmol/l), and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels (women 1,25 mmol/l, men 1,0 mmol/l). The incidence of MS can be divided into the prevalence of MS itself (this correspond with 30%) and the prevalence of each individual part of MS which correspond with 80% population. The most frequently reasons of MS are so called environmental impacts as e.g. central obesity, insulinoresustance syndrome, fatty liver, systemic inflammation, intestinal alterations, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, foetal malnutrition, low basal energetic outcome, sleep apnoea syndrome, changes of gut flora, hyperglycaemia and cumulation of visceral fat. This bachelor´s work is concerned with eating habits, life style and other factors which could be reason of described metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is evaluation of eating habits and life style of patients suffered from MS before syndrome outbreak, as well as participation of obesity in MS outbreak assessment. Two explorative questions were formulated on the basis of described goals: First research question: Did the MS patients follow principles of healthy eating before syndrome outbreak? Second research question: Does obesity have a significant effect on MS outbreak? Definition and characterization of MS in relation to diet is described in theoretical part of my work as well as explanation for reasons of MS outbreak, descriptions of each separated diseases of MS complex and their treatment. Metabolic syndrome in connection with obesity and its classification into each level is defined inthis part. Obesity treatment together with prevention and treatment of MS are suggested in terminal part of this section. In practical part of work, the results of own research are presented. This section is focused on: 5. evaluation of eating habits before MS outbreak; 6. obesity incidence in MS patients; 7. patient´s life style; 8. the presence of individual diseases participate in MS. Research part of my bachelor´s work is prepared with using of quantitative assessment, which was done by questionnaire investigation in southbohemian and westbohemian region. Research population consists of thirty gender-nonspecific and age various patients diagnosed as having MS. The research questions were focused on mapping of respondent´s eating habits, life style (smoking, movement activity, daily eating portions and breakfast regularity), previous and current illnesses as well as diseases of respondent´s relations. The aim of described investigation was evaluation of obesity, life style and diet participations in MS outbreak. The results did not prove observance of healthy eating principles in MS patients before and after syndrome outbreak, while most of respondents were overweight or obesity. It can be assumed that genetic predispositions play role in MS outbreak. Additionally, very interesting is detected occurrence of MS in many individuals younger then forty years old. The present work extended the knowledge about risk factors of MS outbreak together with eating habits, obesity and MS outbreak connections. When reasons of MS seem to be more clear, it is easier to establish new more effective prevention. On the basis of the results, it can be arranged diet suggestions useable as effective prevention of MS outbreak.
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Prevention of selected diseases of civilization (cardiovascular diseases and II. Diabetes type) in the elderly
SUPOVÁ, Michaela
The thesis deals with the prevention of lifestyle diseases in the elderly, is focused on cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus II. type. In the theoretical part, I describe the specifics of senior age. Consequently, the theoretical part deals with the the cardiovascular diseases that occur in the elderly and diabetes mellitus II. type, risk and protective factors for these diseases. In the practical part I focuse on the survey, which examines the level of awareness of seniors on cardiovascular diseases and diseases of diabetes mellitus II. type, the differences in awareness between men and women and relationship between level of education and awareness. The questionnaire survey was attended by 98 respondents. The questionnaire contained 12 questions that examined how respondents are aware of the issue. The obtained data were collected in January and February 2014, and subsequent evaluation in March and April 2014. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods. Identified responses were transformed into single tables and compared. Was examined overall awareness of the difference in awareness in relation to sex and then examined the effect of education on awareness issues.
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