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Fake news as a security and political issue today
Hadbavniková, Ivana ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is fake news as a current security and political problem. The term fake news is not officially codified. This diploma thesis will mainly focus on the theoretical definition of the term fake news and its differentiation from similar terms with which it's often interchanged incorrectly. Furthermore, this thesis will focus on social media, which can be used to spread fake news, as well as on the methods used for distinguishing fake news in the online world. The term fake news is also often connected with the term hybrid threat also referred to as a possible tool of the hybrid war, therefore this thesis will dedicate a section to these concepts and their critique. Fake news as a security and political issue will be observed within the example of the Czech Republic based on the selected definition of fake new with focus on the influence of Russia. First, actors who are possibly responsible for spread of fake news within the Czech Republic will be mapped, after which four specific websites and their reporting on certain news events in connection with Russia in the period from March 2020 until present will be examined.
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The influence of personality and selected media on the perception of the Covid-19 pandemic
El Hadjoine, Muhamed Amin ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Ježková, Tereza (referee)
The subject of this diploma thesis is the issue of spreading false reports about the disease COVID-19. The work aims to map the relationship between personality traits, political orientation, used sources of information, and susceptibility to conspiracy theories in the Slovak Republic with the help of quantitative research, specifically a questionnaire survey. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the key concepts, concepts related to false reports, their characteristics and dissemination practices. Following the set goals, it presents psychological factors that influence the spread of false information, justifies the tendency of a large part of the population to trust false reports, and presents the concepts of a five-factor model of personality and cognitive reflection testing. The practical part of the work is devoted to research, the aim of which was to present the factors influencing the tendency to consider false reports about the disease COVID-19 to be credible. Greater attention has been paid to the influence of individuals' personalities on their attitudes to pandemics. The data collected in the form of a questionnaire survey suggest that personality characteristics do not have a significant effect on the tendency to believe in false reports. However, research suggests that...
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Fake news during the presidental elections in the Czech Republic 2018 and in Slovakia 2019
Oravcová, Jana ; Lizcová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Handl, Vladimír (referee)
Comparative case study consists of 12 chapters and is composed as qualitative research. The main goal of the study is to research the fake news used in chosen set of data, consisting of 13 television debates. The case study works with two cases - the presidential election in the Czech Republic (2018) and in Slovakia (2019). First part of the analysis deals with methodology and theoretical background for fake news and role of television debates in election campaign. Next part is dedicated to the analyzed cases of elections, briefly covering the development of the election campaign followed by analysis. The results of the analysis are summed up in the independent chapter. As the most used fake news themes in given debates the analysis identifies following: migration, negative attitude towards media, questionable funding of the campaign and attempts to influence the elections. The main difference in the cases is the nature of the competition, when the acting president is running for re-election. Keywords: Fake news, desinformation, president, elections, campaign, television debate, Miloš Zeman, Jiří Drahoš, Zuzana Čaputová, Maroš Šefčovič
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Fake news genres
Prokypčák, Matej ; Řehořová, Irena (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis consists of two main parts. In the theoretical part, we deal with the basic terminological framework of fake news, the development of misinformation, fake news, hoaxes, propaganda and their form and the form they acquired. We will also look at misinformation, hoax and propaganda as a specific genre of false news. Furthermore, we analyze the spread of hoaxes and disinformation and the criteria by which hoaxes are recognized and labeled. An important part of the theoretical part of the thesis is also the manipulation with the content and the determination of the criteria on the basis of which false information can be recognized. We will focus primarily on the electronic and new media domains, which are mainly represented by social networks. In the research and analytical part of the thesis we look at the ways in which different sites classify misinformation and hoaxes, by what criteria they approach their classification, and whether these methods are unambiguous and consistent. The second important part of the research will analyze the attitudes of traditional and alternative media to work with false news and hoaxes. We will try to bring a glimpse of both stakeholders, that is to say, representatives of traditional media and alternative media.
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