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Effect of water supply on structure and selected physiological parameters of leaf in woody species.
Horešovská, Michaela ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Votrubová, Olga (referee)
Woody plants must cope with drought as it is one of the main factors of the ongoing climate change. The ability of woody plants to adapt to this stressor determines whether they will survive in constantly changing environmental conditions. The deciduous trees of European temperate forests are not as adapted to drought as Mediterranean trees and shrubs, and therefore the lack of water is a major stress for them. Leaf turned out to be the most flexible plant organ in its response to drought. The aim of this work is to summarize the knowledge about the effect of water deficit on the anatomical structure of leaf and its selected physiological parameters. The first part of this thesis is focused on the drought affecting European tree species and their various defensive strategies against this factor. It mainly describes the modification of leaf's anatomy structure as their defensive reactions observed in dermal, ground and vascular tissue. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the influence of water deficit on the selected leaf's physiological processes, especially on transpiration and photosynthesis, and the key role of stomata closure on both of these physiological processes. Drought causes changes in leaf anatomical structure and its physiological functions. The leaf's developmental stage at...
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Optical properties of the leaf in relation to its anatomical traits
Neuwirthová, Eva ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee) ; Písek, Jan (referee)
Plant functional traits at the leaf level are commonly used to predict ecosystem responses to environmental factors and describe global climate change processes at the ecosystem level. Plant functional traits include both leaf biophysical traits (e.g., photosynthetic pigment content and water content) and structural traits (e.g., leaf thickness and proportion of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues). Leaf biophysical and structural traits can be detected either destructively in the laboratory or non-destructively using leaf optical properties. Although estimating chlorophyll content from leaf optical properties is a well-established methodology, the influence of leaf structure and internal anatomy on leaf optical properties has only been thoroughly studied in the last two decades. The papers included in my thesis and my thesis itself are mostly focused on the study of typical European deciduous trees of temperate and hemiboreal forests with leaves having a dorsiventral structure (i.e., the mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma). Furthermore, my thesis includes a study on the effect of leaf surface structural traits on optical properties. In this study, two groups of phylogenetically close herbs with comparable internal leaf structure were used (mutants of...
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Deciduous Trees in the Teaching of Botany at Primary School
Turynová, Kateřina ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Němečková, Linda (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on deciduous trees in the teaching of botany at primary school. In the introduction, deciduous trees and their position in curricular documents are characterized. Theoretical-research work further describes selected forms and methods of teaching used in the teaching of deciduous trees, which were found by own observations during practice or by qualitative research by survey conducted in this work. On this basis, a semi-structured interview with three selected science teachers was created. The aim of the survey was to map and compare the teaching of deciduous trees and the collected data, but especially the opinions and attitudes of individual teachers. Of course, each teacher is an individual and the data obtained cannot be perceived as globally valid for all teachers. Only a more in-depth and wider examination would make demonstrating survey results more accurately possible. The aim of the work also was to analyse selected textbooks of science at the 2nd stage of elementary school in terms of the representation of deciduous trees, which are also used by the interviewed teachers. In the practical part, based on the data obtained from the interview, practical activities for teaching of deciduous trees were proposed. The last part of the work consisted of creating a...
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Effect of water supply on structure and selected physiological parameters of leaf in woody species.
Horešovská, Michaela ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Votrubová, Olga (referee)
Woody plants must cope with drought as it is one of the main factors of the ongoing climate change. The ability of woody plants to adapt to this stressor determines whether they will survive in constantly changing environmental conditions. The deciduous trees of European temperate forests are not as adapted to drought as Mediterranean trees and shrubs, and therefore the lack of water is a major stress for them. Leaf turned out to be the most flexible plant organ in its response to drought. The aim of this work is to summarize the knowledge about the effect of water deficit on the anatomical structure of leaf and its selected physiological parameters. The first part of this thesis is focused on the drought affecting European tree species and their various defensive strategies against this factor. It mainly describes the modification of leaf's anatomy structure as their defensive reactions observed in dermal, ground and vascular tissue. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the influence of water deficit on the selected leaf's physiological processes, especially on transpiration and photosynthesis, and the key role of stomata closure on both of these physiological processes. Drought causes changes in leaf anatomical structure and its physiological functions. The leaf's developmental stage at...
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Betula - komplexní výzkum břízy jako náhradní dřeviny v Krušnohoří
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta, Brno ; Kaňová, Dáša ; Buchta, Ivan ; Rokytová, Lenka ; Zabecka, Jadwiga ; Fišerová, Helena ; Hrdlička, Petr ; Kula, Emanuel
Cílem zprávy bylo na základě studia fyziologie a složení břízy, výživy, půdního a imisního prostředí poznat a zhodnotit širší souvislosti a kauzální vazby mezi stresujícími faktory (imise, hmyz, houby, abiotické vlivy) a břízou (Betula pendula Roth) a vymezit jejich dopad na celkový zdravotní stav náhradních porostů břízy v konkrétních stanovištních podmínkách imisní horské oblasti Krušných hor a Děčínské pískovcové vrchoviny, jako jeden z podkladů pro uplatnění břízy v revitalizačním procesu a obnovy lesů ve východním Krušnohoří. Zpráva obsahuje abstrakta publikačních aktivit řešitelů a oponentské posudky.
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Betula - komplexní výzkum břízy jako náhradní dřeviny v Krušnohoří: Chemismus březové mízy
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta, Brno ; Hrdlička, Petr ; Kula, Emanuel
Na území východního Krušnohoří a Děčínské pískovcové vrchoviny byly po dva roky odebírány v období rašení pupenů a tvorby listů vzorky mízy břízy (xylémový tok). U vzorků byly stanoveny makroprvky (N, P, Ca, Mg a K), mikroprvky (Mn, Zn, Cu) a ostatní prvky (Pb, Cd, Al). U vzorků roku 2001 byl dále stanoven obsah síranů a dusičnanů.
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Betula - komplexní výzkum břízy jako náhradní dřeviny v Krušnohoří: Fauna nosatcovitých (Curculionoidea) v porostech imisní oblasti LS Sněžník
Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Pedagogická fakulta, Olomouc ; Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta, Brno ; Stejskal, R. ; Majzlan, O. ; Fremuth, J. ; Kula, Emanuel
Nosatcovití jsou vysoce početnou skupinou fytofágů ve fauně porostů břízy, jejichž škodlivost není dostatečně prostudována. Bionomie, fenologie, populační dynamika nosatcovitých nejsou dostatečně prostudovány a cílem zprávy je na základě patnáctiletých systematických sběrů s uplatněním různých kontrolních metod zhodnotit druhové spektrum nosatcovitých v oblasti LS Sněžník (nyní LS Děčín) především v porostech břízy, jejich populační dynamiku, fenologii líhnutí, sezónní aktivitu a význam pro břízu.
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