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CO2 reduction with algae
Naider, Jakub ; Rebej, Miroslav (referee) ; Vondál, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this final thesis is the process of algae cultivation their use for carbon dioxid reduction. The main objective of this work is the mass and heat balance of the photobioreactor and the design of a temperature control system. Within the research work, an overview of certain types of bioreactors and photobioreactors, the current situation around the climate and the impact of the cultivation of algae on carbon dioxide emissions. The model for temperature control and mass transfer of a plate photobioreactor is created in this work.
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Issues of the algae Chlorella production in flow bioreactors
Jankovičová, Kristína ; Lukavský,, Jaromír (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
Microalgae invite the attention of scientists due to their unique properties, including their quick growth, accumulation of lipids and other valuable substances, fixation of carbon dioxide and treatment of wastewater. This master´s thesis is focused on the study of microalgae. The main goal is to understand and describe the process of microalgae cultivation, in order to optimize it. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with microalgae (mainly Chlorella sp.) characterization, its practical use and cultivation optimization in order to obtain the highest concentration of biomass. The experimental part is divided into three tasks. Aim of the first task was the comparison of the course of autotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation of various strains of Chlorella and Coccomyxa microalgae, using three different cultivation media – synthetic medium for chlorella cultivation and natural fertilizer, Florium, used in two different concentrations (diluted 50 and 20 times). The highest Chlorella sp. biomass concentration of 7,10 g/l was achieved in the synthetic heterotrophic medium. Second task was focused on monitoring of the growth of algae Coccomyxa and Chlorella strain C1A, with respect to temperature and light intensity, using various combinations of these two important growth factors. Chlorella achieved its highest concentration of 11,46 g/l when grown at temperature of 33,5 °C and light intensity of 320 µE.m2.s1. The third and final task was to observe the growth of Dictiosphaerium chlerelloides microalgae on a flat cascade bioreactor. The experiment led to the discovery that these algae were able to grow at temperatures of around 10 °C, at which many well-known commercial algae, such as Chlorella sp. or Arthrospina sp., simply wouldn’t grow.
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Production of carotenoids and other metabolites by yeast using selected food wastes.
Chujanov, Oleg ; Šimanský, Samuel (referee) ; Szotkowski, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of yeast cultivation with the usage of waste sub-strates from the food industry on a laboratory level. Carotenogenic yeasts are microorganisms capable of processing food waste substrates and use them as a source of organic nutrients for growth. This thesis consists of a practical as well as theoretical part. The experimental section focuses on the description of different strains of yeasts, metabolites and types of waste sub-strates. The two main substrates chosen for this research were chicken fat and chicken fe-athers. The yeast types used in this thesis were Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodosporidium toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), Spo-ridiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 20-9-7), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-25) and Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20). These strains reported high production values of the metabolites researched in this thesis. The strains Rho-dosporidium toruloides (CCY 62-2-4) and Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) were chosen for the production of metabolites from waste substrates, for those reported the most promising results.
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Issues of the algae Chlorella production in flow bioreactors
Jankovičová, Kristína ; Kaštánek,, Petr (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on cultivation of Chlorella microalgae species. Theoretical part deals with microalgae characteristics, their usage and methods of their cultivation. It is focused on the most important growth factors of chlorella and compares findings from earlier studies. Experimental part contains observations of microalgae growth in different environments and behavioural comparison of autotrophic and heterotrophic cultures. Next, the influence of temperature and light intensity on microalgae growth was observed, using different combinations of these factors. Experimental findings were evaluated from gained biomass concentration and absorbance determined by spectrophotometric method.
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Methods and technologies for carbon dioxide capture in industrial plants
Rek, David ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Sukačová, Kateřina (advisor)
The rising level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has negative effects on life on our planet. Humanity is now dealing with the issue through multinational organizations which attempt to motivate the current industry to develop innovative solutions to increase the energy-efficiency while lowering the amount of produced emissions. The most affected are energy-intensive sectors of the industry, such as the ceramics industry. This diploma thesis is based on a thorough research conducted on scientific literature, mainly scientific articles. The theoretical part is to familiarize one with the issue of rising levels of carbon dioxide. Next, methods to capture, store and use the gas are presented. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on one such method – microalgal bioreactors. The practical past weighs the usability of microalgal bioreactors for the purpose of carbon dioxide emissions capture in a production company LASSELSBERGER, s.r.o. belonging to the ceramic industry. Tubular bioreactor with a volume of 2000 m3 would process 3,75 % of CO2 produced by the core production machine – spray drier, during this process 367,92 tons of microalgal biomass would be produced annually.
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Modification of porosity of bacterial cellulose in situ
Ondruchová, Barbora ; Pernicová, Iva (referee) ; Kovalčík, Adriána (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the production and modification of porosity of bacterial cellulose in situ using the bacterium Komagataeibacter xylinus. The theoretical part of the work was focused on the review of various methods of culturing Komagataeibacter xylinus and the production of porous samples of bacterial cellulose. The sizes of pores in bacterial cellulose depend mainly on the applied cultivation method. Bacterial cellulose produced statically or dynamically contains pores with the dimensions of approximately 0.02 µm to 10 µm. The difference in porosity in bacterial cellulose prepared by static and dynamic cultivation was confirmed experimentally. The production yields of bacterial cellulose were compared and discussed. Next, the porosity of the bacterial cellulose was modified in situ by the addition of wax particles. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed, that the accumulation of wax particles in the production medium could significantly support the porosity of bacterial cellulose and, at the same time, increase its production.
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Usage of flue gas as a source of CO2 for algae cultivation in bioreactors
Slonek, Jaroslav ; Juřena, Tomáš (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
This master`s thesis is focused on possibility of use of flue gas as source of CO2 for algae cultivation in bioreactors. The first part of the master`s thesis is devoted to a qualitative and quantitative description of flue gas sources as CO2 source for algae cultivation. In the thesis industry sectors with the largest share of CO2 emissions on a global scale and in the Czech republic are summarized. On the basis of these data it was possible to determine cheap sources of CO2 for algae cultivation producing valuable biomass and other bio-products. The composition of flue gas from these sources was discussed in this section also with given expected outlook within the following years. The next part of the thesis is devoted to the influence of flue gas properties on algae cultivation. The impact of flue gas individual parameters on cell growth rate, quality and composition of biomass is described there. The description and design of the bioreactor is processed in the next part of the thesis. The experimental part of the thesis was performed on a bioreactor with similar properties. The next part of the thesis describes the effect of light on algae cultivation and the design of a regulation scheme for bioreactor light source. The experimental part of the thesis describes methods used to determine the concentrations of flue gas substances that could pass from flue gas into cultivation medium for algae cultivation to measure the changing composition of the flue gas in the closed experimental bioreactor system. The processed data from experimental measurements are presented and are discussed. The change in the composition of the culture medium for algae (without the presence of algae) due to flue gas aeration was monitored in the experimental part. It includes also the measurement of the change in the composition of the flue gas in time. All obtained and collected information are then summarized and discussed in the final part of the master`s thesis.
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Study of oligandrin protein secreted by oomycete Pythium oligandrum
Neykulova, Anastasia ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Adámková, Lyubina (referee)
Oomycete Pythium oligandrum acts as a mycoparasite of pathogenic fungi, bacteria and oomycetes in soil due to the production of a number of hydrolytic enzymes for the degradation of polysaccharides and proteins in the cell wall of the host. At the same time, P. oligandrum can interact with plant roots through specific elicitors and stimulate plant defense and growth. Thus, P. oligandrum is a successfully used environmentally friendly biological control agent of plants. Among the secreted elicitors P. oligandrum to the low molecular weight proteins belong oligandrins (~10 kDa), which have a characteristic structure and a conserved sequence among the group of so-called elicitins, and at the same time are not homologous to plant proteins. In the framework of this bachelor thesis, was analyzed the production of oligandrin in various types of growing media after cultivation of P. oligandrum. The total proteolytic activity and the content of phenolic substances as other possible elicitors of plant defense reactions were also observed in culture media. Further, this work focused on the possibility of recombinant oligandrin expression in E. coli and its subsequent purification. Key words: Pythium oligandrum, oligandrin, elicitors, cultivation, recombinant expression [IN CZECH]
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Vliv jarní kultivace ozimé pšenice na její výnos a zaplevelení
Novák, Radim
This bachelor thesis is focused on the impact of spring cultivation on the cover of the winter wheat, its number of straws and the weed infestation. A small field experiment was performed for an assessment. There were 10 smaller parcels of land picked out for this experiment. The first 5 parcels of land were used for the testing of different types of cultivation: rotary hoe + tine harrow, rotary hoe + meadow harrow, rotary hoe, tine harrow, meadow harrow. The other 5 parcels of land were used for the control. These factors were monitored: the number of straws, yield and the number of weed individuals. The number of straws was affected the most by the combination of the rotary hoe and the tine harrow. The number of the weed individuals per 1 m2 was reduced the most by the combination of the rotary hoe and the tine harrow. The lowest efficacy of the weed regulation was measured by the meadow harrow. Thanks to this data, the machines for the spring cultivation can be well organized and used.
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Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured in Xenogeneic-Free Supplemented Media
Suchánková Kleplová, Tereza ; Jouklová, Nela (advisor) ; Merglová, Vlasta (referee) ; Bartoňová, Marie (referee)
Human dental pulp stem cells cultured in xenogeneic-free supplemented media Summary Introduction: The topic of the study is the cultivation of dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in a xenogeneic-free culture medium. It is not permissible to use cells upon growing under the influence of xenogeneic (extraneous) substances in human clinical practice. The most frequently used in cultivation of hDPSCs is fetal calf serum (FCS/FBS). Unfortunately, these supplements are widespread in hMSCs cultivation, and all gold standard hMSCs properties were postulated in cells cultivated using these supplements. This raises the basic question if and how xenogeneic blood derivatives affect the properties of cells and their growth characteristics. There are two options for replacing these xenogeneic substances in the culture medium: the so-called serum-free media, or human blood supplements, ideally autologous ones. The conducted research was aimed at identifying the effects of xenogeneic and human blood supplements on basic hDPSCs characteristics that are fundamental to introduce the cell therapy into regular medical practice. Method: By culturing 12 hDPSC lines obtained from adult, deciduous, and natal teeth in 12 different culture media, we investigated the effect of FCS, human blood derivatives, i.e., blood plasma (HP), and...
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