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Information System Assessment and Proposal for ICT Modification
Studený, Radim ; Šmída, Martin (referee) ; Koch, Miloš (advisor)
The master thesis deals with the information system. It contains an analysis of the current state of the system and there are used methods of risk analysis. Based on these analyzes and methods it is developed design of information system for company, which deals with the processing of biological waste. The thesis includes some practical solutions to problems related to the management of business processes.
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Methods of sewage sludge treatment for agricultural applications with respect to micropollutants
Vítková, M. ; Komárek, M. ; Wickramasinghe, N. ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Moško, Jaroslav ; Hušek, Matěj ; Cajthaml, Tomáš ; Grasserová, Alena ; Čechmánková, J. ; Vácha, R. ; Zimová, M.
The aim of the methodology is to describe the possibilities of sewage sludge treatment by composting and pyrolysis for the application in agriculture, with particular respect to the so-called micropollutants, but also to conventional pollutants, and to assess the risks of treated sludge for the soil environment and the uptake of (micro)pollutants by cultivated crops. The methodology is based on the results from laboratory and field experiments of a three-year project and on a critical approach to sludge as a potentially hazardous waste on the one hand and a recyclable source of nutrients on the other.
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Porovnání technickoekonomických parametrů při využití nakladačů v komunitní kompostárně
Straka, Michal
The thesis focuses on a technic-economical comparison of a tractor front loader, an articulation joint front loader and a telescopic handler for their usage in community composting plants. The theory describes the classification of agriculture class front loaders, describes a composting process of a green waste in Kuchařovice community composting plant and defines the chosen technic-economical parameters of loaders being compared. In the practical part, the chosen technic-economical parameters were put under experimental measurement, mainly focused on productive efficiency and direct financial expenses. Schemes of further integration into Kuchařovice composting plant running and other municipality services, based on suitability ratings, are specified. As a conclusion, the practical part outcomes are published and a suggestion for a new technical solution/new loader acquisition is presented.
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Sledování výskytu patogenních mikroorganismů v potravinovém odpadu po přídavku různých aditiv
Tomková, Lenka
Food waste and food waste management is a global problem. It is necessary to reduce waste and, when food waste is generated, to choose environmentally friendly solutions for its disposal, such as composting. The composting process is a natural decomposition process whose final product is valuable compost that can be used as fertiliser. In this work, the effect of additives on the suppression of pathogenic microorganisms potentially present in food waste is investigated to make the food entering the composting process safe for health. Classical culture methods (selective media for bacterial strains Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori and enterococci) were used for microbiological analyses and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and Sanger sequencing were performed for accurate identification of the grown colonies. The results showed that waste without the addition of additive contained more pathogenic microorganisms than waste with the addition of additive. Serratia spp. and the genus Pseudomonas were the most common in the samples. Tea tree oil appears to be the best additive, as it effectively suppressed the odour and also the waste with its addition did not contain significant pathogens such as Pseudomonas fluorescens compared to the control sample without its addition.
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Kompostování jako způsob zpracování potravinových odpadů
Tóthová, Katarína
This master thesis focuses on waste and waste management, with an emphasis on biodegradable waste, specifically food waste. The thesis discusses the legislative regulations in the Czech Republic and the European Union. Among other things, composting is considered as a possible solution to the waste generated. The practical part of the thesis evaluates the final product of composters to which additives have been added to reduce odour. The additives were added to the waste collection bins. The added additives include citric acid, tea tree oil and lime. In addition, compost without additives was also evaluated as a control sample. The composting lasted for 12 weeks. The pH and electrical conductivity were evaluated throughout the composting process and then the final product, i.e. the mature compost, was evaluated using phytotoxicity tests. The results showed that although the compost met the required pH and electrical conductivity values, it was found to be highly toxic. Even at a compost concentration of 10%, inhibition of plant root growth was shown, making the compost inapplicable to soil. Furthermore, even compost without additives was found to be toxic, with the cause of toxicity apparently being the waste used and not the additives. In view of these results, further investigation of additives is still needed. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of composting as a way of treating food waste and shows the importance of systematic monitoring of the quality of the final product.
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Kompostování bioplastů
Kořínková, Aneta
The final work deals with research on the behaviour of various bioplastic materials placed in composting base under laboratory conditions and subsequent assessment of the phytotoxic effects of individual composts. Composting was carried out on the basis of modified standard ČSN EN 14045 and knowledge from standard ČSN EN 14046. The determination of chronic phytotoxic effects followed the modified standard ČSN EN 13432 and acute phytotoxicity was assessed using the Phytotoxkit test. Following completion of the composting process, decomposition was observed for the certified vegetable starch-based sample, two other samples without certification, but marked as 100% degradable, showed no evidence of decomposition. Various indicator organism growth inhibition values were observed, with chronic toxicity testing in the range of 3.4-20.9%, and phytotoxkit testing two of the samples showed a stimulating effect. Different bioplastic materials have achieved different results and represent a different level of potential environmental burden.
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Navržení vhodného bakteriálního inokula pro podporu procesu kompostování gastroodpadu
Malinová, Lucie
Composting of food waste is an increasingly studied branch of waste management. Many works deal with the microbial composition of food waste itself and methods that would speed up the whole process. We tried to design a bacterial inoculum that would support the composting process in this study. We focused on bacteria of genes Lacto-bacillus, primarily on Lactobacillus acidophilus (CCM 4833), Ligilactobacillus salivarius (CCM 7274), and Limosilactobacillus fermentum (CCM 91). The bacterial inoculum was added during the mesophilic phase of food waste composting, where it was confirmed that the pH decreased in the initial phases. In another experiment, the adaptation of bacteria to an acidic environment was investigated, so that acidic compost juices were added to the liquid nutrient medium with bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. The results showed that getting used to an acidic environment helps the bacteria to survive such extreme conditions and Lactobacillus bacteria can be a suitable inoculum to promote composting.
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Using projects with environmental themes in pre-school education
PRACHAŘOVÁ, Markéta
The bachleor thesis is focused on an environmentally friendly way of life in connection with waste. The aim of the work is to create and apply educational activities that tend to elementary awareness of this topic by childern of preschool age. The theoretical part of thesis is devoted to the definition of terms related to the damage and protection of environment, sustainable development and environmental education of childern. There are also mentioned curricular documents related to environmental education and projects focused on the issue of waste, which can be used by kindergartens. In the practical part are introduced teaching activities implemented in accordance with the tematic plan. Main target of this plane is to create awareness about the possibilities how to protect nature from the increased amount of waste and lead childern to a gentle approach to the nature. The activities are divided into two blocks. The first block is focused on sorted waste, recykling and upcykling. The second block is concentrated on the use of biowaste and composting in the kindergarten. All activities are adapted to the age of childern. Each of the listed activity includes a detailed description, own implementation and reflection.
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The last place
Pavlicová, Barbora ; Štěpánek, Martin (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the expansion of the Židenice cemetery. The new cemetery offers a more ecological form of burial - composting of bodies. Because of this, a building is designed in which the ceremonies and the composting process will take place. The resulting compost can be picked up by the bereaved and placed next to the trees in the cemetery area. The area will serve as a public space on the border between the cemetery and the park.
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Hodnocení biologicky rozložitelných materiálů v modelových podmínkách skládky, kompostu a půdě
Zourková, Andrea
The thesis focused on biologically degradable materials. It describes legal environment of the Waste management in the Czech Republic, charakteristice and structuring of biodegradable waste. Furthermode it deals with the usage of materials in various sectors and finally the elimination of biodegradable materials. The practical part examined the information about plastic cups for beveranges saying the were one hundred per cent compostable and biodegradable. Four types of the cups were chosen, placed and observed in polystyrene boxes according to the methodology to simulate the conditions of dump, compost and soil, for six moths. The results was following: two types of plastic cups were partly decomposed and the other two types were not changed at all.
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