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Comparative analysis of the political arrangement of selected municipalities in Středočeský kraj
Krpálková, Soňa ; Masopustová, Ilona (advisor) ; Švec, Kamil (referee)
v anglickém jazyce This diploma thesis is focused on the Czech communal politics, which is viewed by a descriptive approach to the study of local democracy, an approach which is characterized by the fact that it focuses on specific political phenomena in selected areas. The selected area in this diploma thesis is the Central Bohemia Region. Czech communal politics is characterized by its fragmentation and diversity, and therefore there is a high proportion of non-party actors, non- competitive systems and other specific features. Three theoretical approaches are used to analyze these specifics: the theory of political coalition of Stanislav Balík, the typology of local democracy models by Václav Bubeníček, and the concept of the kernels as unitary actors in the municipal politics of Petr Jüptner. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first - the theoretical - part is focused on detailed analysis of theoretical approaches, their criteria, assumptions and models. At the end of the first part there is a critical evaluation of these approaches, there are presented the problematic aspects of these approaches, as well as their contribution to the study of Czech communal politics. The empirical part of this diploma thesis provides detailed information on the examined problems in 58 selected...
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A Comparative Analysis of Language Tools of the Hosts of the DVTV Journalistic Videochannel
Hromková, Kristýna ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Němcová Tejkalová, Alice (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyse the use of language tools of hosts of the DVTV journalistic videochannel. It addresses mainly deflections from the use of standard language, to be more specific, the use of colloquial and literary terms. It also focuses on expressive words, slang, neologisms and on expressions created within the journalistic environment, the so called publicisms. The thesis includes the description of other language phenomena specific for each host - Daniela Drtinová, Martin Veselovský and Filip Horký. The analysis also deals with figurative expressions and phrases in the speech of all hosts. To a limited extent, it focuses on the acoustic side of language, mainly on wrong pronunciation and the pace of speech of the hosts. The work contains a chapter on the theory of speech acts, which was developed by a British philosopher John Langshaw Austin. Within this matter, it focuses mainly on the occurrence of illocutionary and perlocutionary acts in the interviews. In the cases of Drtinová and Veselovský the interviews are divided into four categories: interviews with politician, specialist, artist and sportsman. Each category is specific in the use of language tools. In case of Horký, due to the limited amount, the interviews are analysed all together.
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Factors of Success of FARC and ETA Terrorist Groups: A Comparative Analysis
Kopečný, Ondřej ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This work elaborates on historiographical contextual analysis of establishment and consolidation of terrorist groups ETA and FARC, while focusing on identifying and analysis of set of factors, which led to the respective groups constitution. These factors are then examined and compared in the thesis presented. Author then concludes generalness or alternatively contextual character of findings on factors. Examined groups emerged from extensively differing contexts, which contributes to the posibility of following a linking to possible general validit of the factors. Emphasis is being put especially on political, social, economical and identitary premises of the groups establishment.
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Tyranny of the Majority Theory: a Non-Normative Approach to the Comparison of Democratic Political Systems
Horák, Filip ; Švec, Kamil (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Most of the theories of democracy are normative and work with ideal models in the contemporary discourse of political science. The purpose of theory introduced in this thesis is the empirical analysis of the real democracy on the contrary. The key assumption of the theory is that every political system has the natural intention to become a tyranny. For democracy the appropriate type of tyranny is the tyranny of the majority against which it is needed to establish defensive constitutional, political and social mechanisms presented in this thesis. This thesis further examines the theory of tyranny of the majority through the comparative study of chosen democratic countries. The results of this analysis demonstrate that the falsification of this theory was unsuccessful and its hypotheses are still valid. The introduced theory could enhance the constitutional engineering level by providing a deeper understanding of the significance and the impact of the mechanisms harmonizing the political system.
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Comparative analysis of the work- life balance policies in Austria and the Czech Republic
Jarošová, Nikola ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis discusses two family policy models in the two selected Central European countries; the Czech Republic and Austria. The aim is to carry out a comparative analysis of these measures of family policy, which relates to aid reconciliation of family and professional life for families with children. Within this study of individual level measures of family policies in the selected countries, first the measures involving the formation of family and work roles in family life will be explored, followed by the possibility of interaction of the two family policies. The integral parts of the analysis will asses these measures from a gender perspective. The result of this work is a detailed comparison of the components of family policy, which affect the reconciliation of family and professional lives of families with child/children, including evaluation of the effectiveness of individual measures in the two selected countries. Key words: balancing work and family, family policy, comparative analysis, gender, family, maternity / parental leave, the labor market, institutional care for children
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Molecular characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ, and their clinical impact
Böhm, Jan ; Zikán, Michal (advisor) ; Dundr, Pavel (referee) ; Strnad, Pavel (referee)
Objectives: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive lesion of an increasing clinical importance. Individual risk assessment is essential for an optimal treatment. Our objective was to identify clinical and molecular characteristics of a subgroup of DCIS with an unfavorable prognosis. Methods: In a population study, we analyzed women with DCIS diagnosed within one mammography screening unit. In the experimental part of this work, we conducted a comparative analysis of five biological markers in normal tissue, DCIS and invasive breast cancer by means of gene expression analysis and analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Results: We demonstrated a high proportion of pure (no invasive component) DCIS (14.41%) of all breast lesions described as malignant. In our sample, we saw a homogeneous distribution of risk factors without noting a clear pattern identifying high-risk subtypes. We noted significant differences in clinical management of tumors with similar characteristics, which demonstrates the present state of limited use of clinical predictors. In the laboratory experiment, we showed differences in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) between DCIS and invasive breast cancer for BRCA1 (8.69% vs. 44.74%) and BRCA2 (9.52% vs. 45.0%). In contrast, we did not find any differences for p53 (31.82%...
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On the translation of The Thunderstorm by Vladimir Nabokov
Hušek, Jan ; Hlaváček, Antonín (advisor) ; Hříbková, Radka (referee)
The diploma thesis offers an analysis of a unique set of texts. The analysis explores the language devices used in the composition of the texts. The set of texts includes a short story Groza by Vladimir Nabokov and its translations. The short story was originally written in Russian, and then translated by the author into English. There exist two Czech translations, one from Russian, one from English. The thesis presents a theoretical framework for the analysis. It is composed of two parts. The first one summarizes the most frequent translation related changes in meaning. The second one compares Nabokov's theory and practice of translation. The theoretical framework is applied to the comparison of the target-language texts with the source-language texts, as well as to the comparison of the two translations from different source-language texts. Comparison of the results of the analysis with the hypotheses stated in the Introduction affirms the movement of the meaning towards stylistic neutrality and shows the influence of the source-language upon the target-language. On the other hand it rejects the statement that Nabokov as a self-translator wanted to preserve the literary qualities of the text, being ready to sacrifice its language qualities. Keywords: comparative analysis, language devices,...
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Czech Translations of Alexander Blok's Poem The Twelve
Oganesjanová, Lena ; Peterka, Josef (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Antonín (referee)
The detailed comparative analysis of four Czech translations of Alexander Blok's poem The twelve is at the crux of this diploma thesis. Concurrently, it sets the assessment of translation mastery of each translation based on criteria of poetry translation as defined by the signifiant Czech theorecian Jiří Levý. Aesthetic interpretaton of the poem and the description of distinctive features of Block's poetry precede the main part of the thesis. The author comes to a conclusion only two of the translations can be called acceptable to present-day readers (Vojtěch Jestřáb's and Václav Daněk's translations). Nevertheless, the translation by Bohumil Mathesius has a certain aesthetic quality, and if it is looked at from a historical perspective it can be appraised as succeful translation work. The very first translation by young Czech poet Jaroslav Seifert satisfies current poetry translation criteria the least. But there is also an another reason for it: both the Seifert's and Mathesius's translations are greatly influenced by the former language standard (the language obsolescence manifests itself at differet levels). Yet, the latest translations differ too. Jestřáb's method focuses upon stressing exotisicm in his translation, whereas Daněk concentrates on naturalisation. Considering the fact that both...
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Social Brain Hypothesis: A Survey of Evidence
Kverková, Kristina ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Pavelková, Věra (referee)
The social brain hypothesis was first proposed to explain the remarkable cognitive abilities of primates and has since been extended to other taxa. Generally, it posits that sociality is a major selection pressure driving the evolution of large brains and intelligence. However, there is no single version of the hypothesis and different underlying mechanisms have been proposed. Tests of the hypothesis rely on appropriate indices of social complexity and brain size, as a proxy for cognitive abilities, and difficulties are associated with choosing both these variables and obtaining precise data. Situation is further complicated by that fact that a multitude of factors potentially contributing to or constraining encephalization is highly intercorrelated. This bachelor's thesis reviews approaches to research in this field and presents a survey of relevant evidence accumulated so far. The social brain hypothesis has been tested in various ways in primates, carnivores, ungulates, cetaceans, insectivores, bats, birds, fish (cichlids), and insects. The jury is still out, since contrasting results exist for most of these groups, warranting more research to help elucidate the influence of sociality on brain evolution.
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