|
|
Hodnocení moštových PIWI odrůd pro výrobu červených vín
Halmová, Lenka
This diploma thesis studies the evaluation of wine grape PIWI varieties for the production of red wines. The experiment took place in autumn 2016, specifically in September and October. Nine type of interspecific varieties, were studied and two control varieties were studied. All varieties come from the Mikulov wine-growing subregion from the Lednice village in Moravia. For all varieties, the basic analytical parameters of the qualitative characters were determined. Everything was statistically evaluated and compared. The literary part deals with problems of resistance, propagation, occurrence and description of the three most serious diseases that have just begun to breed these resistant varieties. For this research is a brief look and description of each variety separately, their origins, ampelographic features, suitable habitat and oenological properties.
|
|
|
Population models of plant life-cycles and their modifications by diseases and herbivores
Kasner, Marek ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Koupilová, Klára (referee)
Pathogens and herbivores are two important groups of organisms with predominantly negative impact on their plant hosts. Although relationships at the individual level are relatively well understood, the data acquired by those studies cannot be easily translated into effects on the population. Various types of population models, also used in the case of the interactions, give us valuable insight into population dynamics. This bachelor thesis at first describes mechanisms and effects of plant pathogens (with emphasis on pathosystems with anther smut Microbotryum violaceum) and herbivores at the individual and population level for the demonstration of diversity of the systems and to stress the discrepancy between the two hierarchical levels. Furthermore, matrix and integral projection models are introduced as invaluable tools for population dynamics projections and understanding the underlying results of the interactions on plant populations. These models use the entire plant life cycle and require long-term censuses of demographic data. The role of these models in plant-pathogen interactions seems heavily underappreciated, however, and thus there is only a small number of studies with their application. The thesis describes mechanisms of the models, modifications in specific life-cycles and their...
|
|
|
The comparison of oat varieties from the point of view of yield and resistence to diseases
FUKSOVÁ, Eliška
The purpouse of the thesis was compared the comparison in the yields of hulled and naked verifield varieties and new breeding genotypes of oats. The research was conducted in the breeding station Selgen Krukanice and and it was mainly focused on the main elements of yieĺd - number of plants, cuttings, and lat per m2, toatal grain yield, the number of grains per panicle, and the quality of grain - weight of thousand grains, density and share of fixed plugs. Results of the main elements of yield was average at all genotypes of oat, qualitative parametres wasslighty below average, the reason wast dry and warm weather. Also was found good health of oats, cause of weather, that was not favorable for disease development.
|
|
|
Netradiční ovocné dřeviny a jejich ochrana
Korbelová, Pavla
Main topic of this master thesis evaluates deseases and disorders on the school farm of Mendel University Brno. Following fruit trees were closely monitored between May and October 2015: Actinidia chinensis, peach, dogwood, pear, mountain ash, quince, almond, medlar, mulberry, juneberry, sea buckthorn and Rosa villosa. The most serious disease fire blight was not observerd at all, probably because all quince orchards nearby were chopped down several years ago. However there were other serious diseases observerd such as fading of annual shoot of sea buckthorn and mildew on juneberry. Amelanchier lamarcki species were affected more with mildew than A. alnifolia species. There were abiotic disorder observed on mountain ash due to lack of minerals, together with ringfleck mosaic. The least important disease symptoms were observed on peach, dogwood, pear, almond, mountain ash, quince a Rosa villosa. Medlar and mulberry were free from all diseases. All in all, the most important is to keep the right cultivation technique and early removal of infected and cracked branches. Juneberry also requires chemical treatment.
|
|
|
Influence of cultivar and hot water treatment on development of choosen pathogens of onion
Skoumalová, Tereza ; Koudela, Martin (advisor) ; Čeněk, Čeněk (referee)
The target of the work was verificated the varietal differences in varietal resistance onion Allium cepa L. to pathogens onion neck rot Botrytis aclada and pathogens mildew onion Peronospora destructor and verificated the effect of the seed treatment with hot water to reduce choosen pathogens of onion neck rot Botrytis aclada and mildew onion Peronospora destructor.
Seed were sown to bowls with sand and destilled water. Bowls were place in growth chambers. For experiments with varietal resistance were used cultivar onion: Alice, Amfora F1, Avalon, Bolero F1, Grenada, Karmen, Tosca, Triumf F1 and Všetana. For experiments with hot watre treatment were used cultivar onion: Alice, Amfora F1, Unico F1 and Tandem. Growth chambre had ideal climate by method firm Moravoseed s. r. o. and seed germination was evaluented by method ISTA International Seed Testing Association. Experiments were evalueter by modified method by Pawelec et al. (2006).
The results demonstrated the exists between coultivar differences the resistence onion to selected pathogens. The most resistence cultivar onion were Bolero F1, Karmen, Všetana and Triumf F1 againts the pathogens onion neck rot Botrytis aclada and cultivar onion Alice, Avalon, Bolero F1 and Tosca againts the pathogens mildew onion Peronospora destructor.
The result demonstrated the effect of seed treatment with hot water to select pathogens hadn´t signification efect. Hot water treatment about 50 °C for 20 minuts for seeds onion can´t reduce infect onion neck rot Botrytis aclada and infect mildew onion Peronospora destructor.
For cultivar onion Amfora F1 was observed treatment effect, but results were inconclusive.
Growing varieties with better resistence to the phytopathogenic fungy, could be after verifying higher resistence in multi-experiment, important preventive tool for regulating presence of such diseases when growing onions.
|
|
|
Quality of turf on golf field Mystěves and recommendation of management
Nová, Michaela ; Svobodová, Miluše (advisor) ; Zuzana, Zuzana (referee)
For this bachelor thesis was selected eighteen hole golf course - golf complex Myštěves. Golf Course was founded in 2001 commissioning znormovaného public course. In 2003 opened the first nine holes Club Course and in 2010 opened the second club nine, so that efforts to complete a good eighteen-hole course. Visitor statistics were monitored throughout the season 2012. This monitoring was carried out using an Internet portal TEE-TIME. This observation was statistically evaluated. During the 2012 season was visited golf complex Myštěves 6054 players. Most players have been recorded in the month of August and that 1375 players. In contrast, the least-visited month was November 2012, when the total number of players was only 156th. Speed measurements using two different greens "Stimpmetru" showed that in most measurements, the moving speed of greens at optimal levels, which is very favorable. Soil reaction on the greens, the whole course is at optimal levels, thus not need to have to modify it. This is due to soil conditions and fertilizers used. For monitoring pest was found to occur in a given location in a small extent. In contrast, algae, magical circularity grass, dry grass and small ohniskovitosti plísňovitosti lawn was highest in the summer months when this increase was supported by changeable weather with alternating rain and hot days. The highest incidence was on the greens, where arrangements were made for their removal. As proposals for action was carried out in-depth aeration of greens with applications topdresingu. This operation should improve intake of water, fertilizers and support microbial life in the upper layer of the sward. After topdresingu hearty salad dressing was performed and after 14 days on the greens combined nitrogen fertilizer applied the late summer and autumn managed to eliminate the incidence of diseases. The biggest problem of this golf course is outdated equipment maintenance lawns. Specifically mowers Ransomes (produced 1985-1997), the mower Jacobsen (the year 1994), tractor Zetor 6711 (the year 1978), bunkrovačka Toro (1997) and others. The problem with the club trying to solve, but the main obstacle is the lack of funds for the purchase of a new fleet. There are efforts to modernize, but in a very limited scale.
|
|
|
Critical points of grapevine growing in organic farming.
Volfová, Kateřina ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Jadrná, Petra (referee)
The most widely spread production system in the world conventional, is strictly focused on maximal achievable profit from a unit of area. This system is not long-term sustainable and brings many negative aspects. As an answer to the problems related to conventional production are newly-emerged production systems (organic, integrated, biodynamic). Organic production system has penetrated almost all agricultural sectors and grapevine growing is not an exception. The main goal of the thesis was to process the study about critical points of organic grapevine production in context of binding principles and legislative limits of ecological agriculture with emphasis on quality process. The particular critical production points have been described and also their possible solutions in different production systems. According to all the factors organic grapevine production is very stable and sustainable system by which the natural cycle is not affected and at the same time it is capable to produce the high quality bunch of grapes and from them safe and high quality products. The critical points of this production are not too serious that the wine grower would not be able to effectively solve them. The grapevine growing with the convention method is very inconsiderate way and most of the wine growers went over to the integrated production which is more considerate and in viticulture capable. Organic production is the next step to the sustainable agricultural system in Czech Republic and to the change of thinking of natural sources.
|
|
|
Reaction of selected varieties of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) on the application of fungicides
Vojík, Jan ; Bečka, David (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
Oilseed rape i sone of the most important crops in the world. I tis the most important oil crop in Czech Republic. I the last 50 years it had undergone large change in breedeng. Ratio of grown hybrids at present tops the open pollinated lines ( planning for harvest in 2016 saw 88% hybrids and only 12% of lines). There are quite important differences between varieties in tolerance to fungal diseases and not only to them. There are first varieties marketed with gene of pot shatter tolerance and others. The pressure of fungal diseases grows due to growing planting area of the rape.
Trials with oil seed rape were established in the growing season 2014/15 on four varieties and two locations. We tested following hybrids: Arsenal (Limagrain), DK Exstorm (Monsanto), Jumper (Bayer), SY Cassidy (Syngenta). The locations were in the district Jičín farm AGRO Slatiny a.s., and in the district Kolín farm ZD Křečhoř a.s.. On each location were planted two trial variants 1) without fungicide application 2) with the application of fungicides. On the location Slatiny were applied three fungicides (Toprex, Paroli, Propulse), on the location Křečhoř also three fungicides (Toprex, Magnello, Amistar XTRA).
The aim of the bachelor study was to test growth yield and qualitative parameters of the varieties together with observation of fungal diseases and their influence on yield and oil content. We were testing the infestation of following diseases Phoma lingam, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Verticilium dahlie Botrytis cinerea.
Hybrid DK Exstorm (195cm) was the tallest variety on both locations followed by hybrid Arsenal (193,5 cm). By number of branches was the best ranked variety hybrid Arsenal, the lowest was SY Cassidy. On fungicide treated variants grew number of pods per m2 by average 6% on both locations. Average yield vas slightly higher in location Křečhoř in both variants, treated (70kg) and untreated (50 kg). On both locations was visible difference between treated and untreated variants. Yield increase was in average 5,4% (200kg/ha). Varieties with best reaction to fungicide treatment were DK Exstorm (Monsanto) and Jumper (Bayer). Fungicide application influenced also crop height, number of branches and pods per m2.
Following conclusions are made in the bachelor study:
- Fungicide application increased yield in average by 5,4% (i.e.200 t/ha) and improwed the health of the crop.
- DK Exstorm and Jumper were varieties with the best reaction on the fungicide treatmentArsenal (4,37 t/ha) was the best yileding variety on both locations followed by hybrid Jumper (4,27 t/ha).
- Arsenal is the recomended variety for both locations Křečhoř and Slatiny
|
|
|
Hodnocení výskytu a druhového složení chorob a škodců u kosatců skupiny limniris
Klenzová, Tereza
The bachelor thesis was discussed in the institute of vegetable growing and floriculture of Faculty of Horticulture in Mendel University in Brno, Lednice in the periods of the years 2010 -- 2011. The thesis is mostly focused on description of Irises, group limniris, list of diseases and pests on irises and suggestion how to cure them. Diseases and pests have been observed and collected, on collection area with irises in ZF, Lednice three times, within vegetation. All described damages have been found on second collection, in efflorescence. Irises have been damaged also by wrong growing conditions, such as unsuitable watering, insufficiency of nutrients, wrong pH and unsuitable soil structure. Amongst viruses found on these irises it was mainly mold grey iris (Botrytis cinerea) and dry spottiness on leaves of iris (Davidiella macrospora). Snails (Pulmonata), Mononychus punctumalbum, Oxythyrea funesta, common earwig (Forficula auricularia), leaf aphids (Aphidoidea), ants (Formicoidea) and Acronicta sp. are mostly occuring pests on these collections. Mostly damaged species was I. sibirica, what means, that although it is most cultivated species in our country, it is not going that well. For determined location it can be recommended mainly prevention and biological protection such as natural enemies of pests and plants, which repels pests. In case of persistence in occuring of pathogens, it would be better use chemicals (Rovral Flo, Captan 50 WP, Saprol New, Decis 2,5 EC, Actellic 50 EC, Furadanu 5G, Aztec 140 EW or Pirimor 25 WG). These chemicals can, in wrong usage damage plants, so prevention and biological protection is recommended first, and it is also eco friendly.
|
|
|
Využití alternativních postupů (homeopatie) v zahradnické produkci
Martincová, Jana
The object of this dissertation was the evaluation of influence of homeopathic remedies on qualitative and health condition of planting stock. Observed parameters were weight of aboveground part of plants and leaf surface. In the literary part is quoted the research which describes present foundation and knowledge on using of homeopathic remedies in protection of plants. In experimental part of methodology are described three experiments which were performed in the area of Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice during selected periods of years 2013 and 2014. The experimental crops were head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). Altogether there were tested three homeopathic remedies (Carbo vegetabilis, Acidum salicylum, Silicea) in various plant-growing conditions with various number of applications. In all tested remedies during particular tests was noticed statistically significant difference.
|
guest ::
