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A complex mechanistic lung model
Chumchal, Ondřej ; Mišík, Ondrej (referee) ; Jedelský, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis looks at review of published airway models, with purpose of finding best avaliable solution for extension of current BUT model, reaching 7th generation of branching. The main purpose of the thesis is expanding model further into lower generations. Secondly, it deals with possibilities of getting more realistic results by coming with influence of temperature and humidity. Two main approaches were chosen, which shall be further more explored and adopted into use in BUT model, those are glass bead and rod model. In order to make model as realistic as possible, dimensionless characteristics such as Reynolds number and ratio of inner surface and volume of each generation were calculated to match those in real human lungs. The thesis concerns expansion down to 12th generation. Further calculation of deposition and flow parametres should be done, in order to verify mentioned approach.
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Application of a novel continuous sampler for the determination of compounds in ultrafine aerosol
Hlaváčková, Hana ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Alexa,, Lukáš (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the use of new type of continuous sampler for the determination of compounds in ultra-fine aerosol. The aim of the study was to optimize parameters of the aerosol sampler CGU-ACTJU (Condensation-Growth Unit – Aerosol Counterflow Two-Jets Unit) and its application for the real aerosol samples. The ACTJU sampler connected to upstreamed CGU enables sampling of ultra-fine fraction of particulate matter to the diameter about few nanometers. The measured results from CGU-ACTJU were compared with commercial sampler (cascade impactor) with subsequent offline analysis. The atmospheric aerosol was sampled in two campaigns (July–August 2021 and February 2022) on the terrace of Institute of Analytical Chemistry of CAS in Brno. Theoretical part of the study contains information about analytical methods for the characterization of aerosol, the experimental part describes used methods in detail and the results of experiments are discussed.
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Parallel Determination of Particulate Ammonium by Using a Continuous Aerosol Sampler and Cascade Impactor
Alexa, Lukáš ; Hlaváčková, H. ; Cigánková, Hana ; Mikuška, Pavel
Ammonia is a significant gaseous pollutant present in the atmosphere. As a neutralizing agent of acidic species ammonia forms particle-phase ammonium (NH4+) salts and contributes thus to formation of secondary atmospheric aerosols (Harrison and Jones, 1995). Aerosols (particulate matter, PM) are responsible for many negative effects on environments and health risks to human. The diameter of PM has significant impact on their environmental exposure, where the decreasing particle size increases the adverse health effects. The ultrafine particles hence play a major role in adverse impact on human health (Ryer-Powder, 1991). Presented paper describes the use of the novel continuous aerosol sampler for online, and a commercial cascade impactor for offline, determination of NH4+ in ambient air.
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Application of a novel continuous sampler for the determination of compounds in ultrafine aerosol
Hlaváčková, Hana ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Alexa,, Lukáš (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the use of new type of continuous sampler for the determination of compounds in ultra-fine aerosol. The aim of the study was to optimize parameters of the aerosol sampler CGU-ACTJU (Condensation-Growth Unit – Aerosol Counterflow Two-Jets Unit) and its application for the real aerosol samples. The ACTJU sampler connected to upstreamed CGU enables sampling of ultra-fine fraction of particulate matter to the diameter about few nanometers. The measured results from CGU-ACTJU were compared with commercial sampler (cascade impactor) with subsequent offline analysis. The atmospheric aerosol was sampled in two campaigns (July–August 2021 and February 2022) on the terrace of Institute of Analytical Chemistry of CAS in Brno. Theoretical part of the study contains information about analytical methods for the characterization of aerosol, the experimental part describes used methods in detail and the results of experiments are discussed.
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PAH bond to nanoparticles of atmospheric aerosol: substrate specifity.
Bendl, Jan ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reviewed including their chemical and chemical- physical features, their impact on health and the environment. Different behaviour of PAHs is mentioned. The detailed instruction for the measurement using high-volume cascade impactor BGI 900 (Hi-Vol) is described. Cleaning, equilibration, weighting, protection against contamination of the substrates and technique of the measurement were introduced. The experiment was done: under the last teflon back-up filter the extra PUF substrate was placed, where after the air exposition the significant amounts of gaseous phase of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene were captured. The extent of the volatile PAHs capture correlated positively with the vapour pressure (ranging from 10-4 to 10-1 Pa.). The other measured PAHs (coronene, benzo(ghi)perylene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene) with vapour pressure from 10-5 to 10-10 Pa were not captured. The experiment found out that polyurethane (PUF) substrates captured in noticeable amount the volatile phase of PAHs and therefore the correction for the capture of gaseous phase in the particle size fractions of PAHs was calculated. The deduction for the...
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A complex mechanistic lung model
Chumchal, Ondřej ; Mišík, Ondrej (referee) ; Jedelský, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis looks at review of published airway models, with purpose of finding best avaliable solution for extension of current BUT model, reaching 7th generation of branching. The main purpose of the thesis is expanding model further into lower generations. Secondly, it deals with possibilities of getting more realistic results by coming with influence of temperature and humidity. Two main approaches were chosen, which shall be further more explored and adopted into use in BUT model, those are glass bead and rod model. In order to make model as realistic as possible, dimensionless characteristics such as Reynolds number and ratio of inner surface and volume of each generation were calculated to match those in real human lungs. The thesis concerns expansion down to 12th generation. Further calculation of deposition and flow parametres should be done, in order to verify mentioned approach.
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Charakterisation of fungal aerosol in size segregated aerosol
Shamratova, Kseniia ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Kozáková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of bioaerosol, properties of airborne fungal spores, describes their significance, concentration, methods of spreading and influence on human health. This work provides information about sampling and detection methods of bioaeerosol. Was proved the suitability of using of the first step of the high volume cascade impactor (Hi-Vol) BGI-900 to collect biaerosol samples for subsequent scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Using the optimized method, bioaerosol samples were isolated from the polyurethane foam, which is the impact substrate of the impactor. Bioaerosol samples were taken from 3 locations in the Czech Republic: Prague, Březno, Láz. During the SEM analysis of 15 bioaerosol samples, 605 SEM images were taken, on 340 of them were identified fungal spores. The smallest number of spores were found in Prague. Approximately the same amount of fungal spores was found in Březno and Láz. Fungal spores were identified into 9 genus, 1 family, and 1 species. The percentage of deformed spores in Prague was 48%, in Březno 23%, in Láz 25%. The greatest variability of spores was at the Březno and Láz localities. The most common fungal genus was the Cladosporium genus. No positive or negative correlation was observed between the number of fungi and the...
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Pollen charakterisation in size segregated aerosol
Kolpakova, Anna ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Zíková, Naděžda (referee)
This bachelor thesis, in literature review, deals with bioaerosol issue, describes meaning of pollen, ways of pollen spreading and its influence on human health, summarize methods of pollen sampling from the air and common ways of pollen grains identification. In the experimental part, the use of the first stage of a High Volumetric Cascade Impactor (Hi-Vol) BGI-900 for bioaerosol sampling and subsequent SEM analysis was proved. Method of pollen separation from the impaction substrate, polyurethane foam, into homogeneous deposit on Nylon filter was optimized. Representative portion of the deposit was analyzed by SEM. There were taken 485 SEM pictures from 12 samples in 3 localities in the ČR. Pollen grains were identified in 295 SEM and determined into 9 genus and 4 families and grain deformities were quantified to be 24, 18, 50% for Prague, Brezno and Láz localities. Number of pollen increased with total aerosol mass in Prague locality only. Thre aleo identified insect secrction products borochomomes in the samples. Key words: pollen, pollen grain, bioaerosol, cascade impactor, SEM.
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PAH bond to nanoparticles of atmospheric aerosol: substrate specifity.
Bendl, Jan ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reviewed including their chemical and chemical- physical features, their impact on health and the environment. Different behaviour of PAHs is mentioned. The detailed instruction for the measurement using high-volume cascade impactor BGI 900 (Hi-Vol) is described. Cleaning, equilibration, weighting, protection against contamination of the substrates and technique of the measurement were introduced. The experiment was done: under the last teflon back-up filter the extra PUF substrate was placed, where after the air exposition the significant amounts of gaseous phase of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene were captured. The extent of the volatile PAHs capture correlated positively with the vapour pressure (ranging from 10-4 to 10-1 Pa.). The other measured PAHs (coronene, benzo(ghi)perylene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene) with vapour pressure from 10-5 to 10-10 Pa were not captured. The experiment found out that polyurethane (PUF) substrates captured in noticeable amount the volatile phase of PAHs and therefore the correction for the capture of gaseous phase in the particle size fractions of PAHs was calculated. The deduction for the...
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