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Ontogeny of neural mechanisms of episodic memory
Šafová, Lucie ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Blahna, Karel (referee)
Two brain structures in particular - the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) - are essential for episodic memory, the ability to recall personal experiences with details of time, place, and event. It is their developmental changes that contribute significantly to the progressive development of episodic memory. The hippocampus is a complex structure composed of several subregions that is crucial to the function of the neural basis of episodic memory. Findings show that both neuronal changes within the hippocampus and changes in its volume and the volume of hippocampal subfields influence episodic memory. As in the hippocampus, changes in the prefrontal cortex also affect episodic memory, with the PFC being among the last regions to fully mature and affecting the accuracy of recalling contextual details of episodic memories. The transfer of information between brain regions is also crucial for episodic memories, and is provided by white matter connections (fornix, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus). This thesis summarizes the knowledge about the structures and mechanisms involved in the development of episodic memory and mentions the factors that influence its development. Keywords: episodic memory, ontogeny, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, synaptic plasticity
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Ontogenesis of episodic memory in preschool children
Píšová, Martina ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Petrásek, Tomáš (referee)
Episodic memory enables us to remember and recall life events from the past. Episodic memory is a specific type of long-term declarative memory, which undergoes changes in ontogeny. To examinate of episodic memory, "episodic-like memory model", was developed. This model focuses on three basic components of episodic memory: "What happened", "Where did it happen" and "When did it happen". The aim of this diploma thesis is to develop and to validate of particular tests of episodic memory with consideration for their feasibility for preschool children. In order to study episodic memory we used an "episodic-like memory model" and experiments which focused on: children's verbal ability, differentiation of two perspectives during remembering of events and timing memories on an autobiographical axis. We aimed to inspect the effect of age on performance in these tests, possible links between performance in these experiments and the effect of level and the three components of episodic memory on number of errors made. In our dataset we found a significant effect of the age of children in Sentence repetition test and in test of Object collection in the virtual house, in the same test we found a effect of the level on number of errors. We also found a significant correlation between correct responses in verbal...
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Ontogenesis of episodic memory in preschool children
Píšová, Martina ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Petrásek, Tomáš (referee)
Episodic memory enables us to remember and recall life events from the past. Episodic memory is a specific type of long-term declarative memory, which undergoes changes in ontogeny. To examinate of episodic memory, "episodic-like memory model", was developed. This model focuses on three basic components of episodic memory: "What happened", "Where did it happen" and "When did it happen". The aim of this diploma thesis is to develop and to validate of particular tests of episodic memory with consideration for their feasibility for preschool children. In order to study episodic memory we used an "episodic-like memory model" and experiments which focused on: children's verbal ability, differentiation of two perspectives during remembering of events and timing memories on an autobiographical axis. We aimed to inspect the effect of age on performance in these tests, possible links between performance in these experiments and the effect of level and the three components of episodic memory on number of errors made. In our dataset we found a significant effect of the age of children in Sentence repetition test and in test of Object collection in the virtual house, in the same test we found a effect of the level on number of errors. We also found a significant correlation between correct responses in verbal...
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Current Mother-Child Relationship and Memories of Mother from Childhood and Adolescence for Juvenile Delinquents Boys
Miechová, Michaela ; Čáp, David (referee) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis was find out how juvenile delinquents actually perceive their relationship with mother and what memories of their mothers are able to remember. The theoretical section firstly characterized psychological aspects of mother-child relationship. Secondly describes characteristics of adolescents problems with behaviour. Finally represent what autobiographical memory is and how we create a memories. The empirical part aims to find possible common features between the currently emotional perception of the mother-child relationship and the emotional tone of memories of her. For these research was used primarily quantitative methods. This study comprised the response of 50 juvenile convicts from prison Heřmanice. Keywords: the relationship between mother and child, problematic behavior, juvenile convictions, autobiographical memory, memories.
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Autobiographical Memory in Suicide Attempters
Dobiášovský, Jan ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The diploma thesis "Autobiographical Memory in Suicide Attempters" deals with recall of specific autobiographical memories in suicide attempters. The theoretical part of the thesis defines basic concepts associated with autobiographical memory, presents its structure, role throughout the life-span, and describes relation of autobiographical memory to emotions, depression and self. The second part of the thesis presents basic concepts of suicidal behaviour, describes selected theoretical approaches and models of development of suicidal behaviour, methods and consequences, assessment and prevention of suicidal behaviour, and presents most common myths about suicide. The empirical part verifies ability to recall specific autobiographical memory, latency in recall of autobiographical memories, and tendency for overgeneral autobiographical memories. The empirical part employs Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI - II), Suicide Behavior Questionnaire - Revised (SBQ-R) and The Stress Coping Style Questionnaire (SVF 78). The research sample consists of 40 participants (20 suicide attempters, 20 non-suicidal persons). The results indicate that suicide attempters show higher latency in producing specific autobiographical memories, produce fewer specific memories, and show lower...
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Autobiographical memories dating: the relationship between dating accuracy and type of an event
Literáková, Eva ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
In two studies focused on finding predictors of dating accuracy of autobiographical memories, events were split into categories based on respondent independent characteristics (independent on respondents' evaluation) and other, which can be ascertained from date reconstruction (event lenght, theme, temporal schemata, landmark connection, self-events and other-events). The present study is part of a larger project on which I cooperated with A. Neusar (2012) and the present results supplement his study in the fields on which he did not focus in detail or at all. The first study was focused on dating accuracy of events from 2005 to 2008 and here events connected to a landmark, self-events and extended events and also holiday and relationship events and changes were dated more accurately. Temporal schema helped with estimating the month of the year. Women were on average more accurate and specifically also in thematic categories, e.g., in estimating the date of child events. The second study was focused on dating events from recent two and half months. Events connected to a landmark and Easter, self-events and extended events were dated more accurately. Higher accuracy was found also among events connected to the leisure activities and birthday category. Women were more accurate in dating events from...
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