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Actinobacteria communities in natural and anthropogenic environments
Faitová, Andrea ; Marečková, Markéta (advisor) ; Slaninová Kyselková, Martina (referee) ; Yurado Lobo, Valme (referee)
10 Abstract Actinobacteria are important bacterial group participating in various ecosystem processes particularly in the decomposition of complex organic compounds. Their abilities enable them to surviving in harsh conditions of oligotrophic habitats like lakes, deserts, cave walls or recalcitrant and resistant litter in soil, where Actinobacteria often dominate. Although certain biotic and abiotic factors were recognized to modulate Actinobacteria incidence in such habitats, the influence of anthropogenic pressure on their communities is scarcely known. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to determine differences of Actinobacteria communities under the direct (the human visitors changing microenvironment of caves, part 1) and indirect (climate change factors like altered precipitation or plant litter quality, part 2) anthropogenic influence in two habitats, plant litter in soil and cave walls, where Actinobacteria play important roles and dominate. In a first part of the thesis we monitored Actinobacteria communities in French limestone caves walls differently affected by humans (pristine versus anthropized caves). For identification of important species like potential pathogens or pigments producing Actinobacteria using amplicon sequencing of environmental DNA (Illumina MiSeq), we firstly used...
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Treeline rise as a consuquence of increasing temperature and land-use change
Kolář, Václav ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Treeline advance to greater altitude is observed in the majority of European mountains. Many authors have attributed treeline advance to increasing temperatue, others to decrasing anthropogenic influence. The aim of the thesis was to describe dynamics of treeline and influencing factors. Based on newly created database of case studies I asked, whether the treeline agnace is controlled by increasing temperature or by land-use change. My treeline database documented, that treeline advance in Europe ranged from -0,2 to 1,6 m.y-1 . Treeline was advancing most quickly in the Austrian Central Alps, conversely treeline in Ukraine Carpathians revealed retreat. Furthermore, it was found that treeline rise coincides with increasing winter temperatures. While the advance of northern treelines without human impacts is attributed to increasing temperatures and precipitation, remaining areas showed treeline advance in consequence of temperature increase and decreasing anthropogenic influence.
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Military areas as biocentres in cultural landscape
VOTRUBEC, Martin
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two localities: Třebovice in the military area Boletice and Vadkov in the foodhill of Blanský les Landscape Protected Area in South Bohemia. The distance between localities is 7,25 km. Six biotopes were studied in both localities: grasslands, wetlands, fields, coniferous forest habitat, habitat mixed forest and deciduous forest habitat. Pitfall traps were used for collecting of material in period May - November 2012. Together 5 families (Carabidae, Elateridae, Silphidae, Curculionidae, Geotrupidae), 18 species and 1426 specimen of epigeic beetles were collected. Species were divided according to their ecological requirements of anthropogenic tolerancy into three groups (I and II relics and eurytopic species) (Boháč, 1999). In the monitored area Trebovice I found a total of 5 families with 16 species, compared to 3 for the families of the 11 species in Vadkov. The activity of beetles was very similar in both localities (Trebovice - 726 specimen, Vadkov - 700 specimen). The dominant families in number of species at both monitored localities family Carabid (Třebovice 9 species of Carabid, Vadkov 7 species Carabid). On the other side by carabid individuals was the activity distinctly higher in Třebovice (239 specimen carabid) than in Vadkov (38 specimen carabid). Adaptable species (RII 13 species) prevailed over expansionnists (E 5 species) in both localities. In the locality Třebovice was found 29.4% expansive species (E) against the area Vadkov 18.2% expansive species (E). Species that are tied to the habitats moderately influenced by man, known as relics of the second order (RII), in the vicinity of Třebovice occurred in 70.6% and in 81.8% Vadkov. Groups relics of the first order (RI) in the monitored areas were not detected. Index of human impact showed slightly better values at locations on the outskirts of Blanský les (Vadkov) (50%) than in the military area Třebovice (49,17%). Greater species diversity (Třebovice 16 species, Vadkov 11 species) and abundance (Třebovice 726 specimen, Vadkov 700 specimen) of beetles was in fond in the military area. This demonstrates that military area Boletice habitats are important for the survival of many species and serves as a source of biodiversity for neighboring stations.
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A study of the state of public opinion on the origin of anthropogenic climate change in selected groups
Horáková, Zuzana ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to determine a degree of an importance, which the students of the FM VŠE as the future managers set down to a human influence in the changes of climate. I'm desribing both possible causes and effects of the changes of climate and abreast with it I mention some suitable preventive arrangements. I have analysed opinions of two groups of students in my thesis; which position about the human influce in this issue they assume; what is the source of their knowledge of the climate changes and how the opinions of these two groups differ from each other.
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