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The position of the Supreme Court in the American political system and the significance of its decision-making for the political procedure in the USA.
Zástěra, Martin ; Pithart, Petr (advisor) ; Kysela, Jan (referee)
The thesis "Role of the U.S. Supreme Court in American system of government and the importance of Court's decisions for the political process in the United States of America" deals with the institutional role U.S. Supreme Court has in American system of government and puts emphasis on Court's decisions and their practical consequences on the politics in the United States. In history of the country the Court was an influential decision-making body on many occasions. Although shortly after the federation was established many intended to put the Court in position where weak powers given to it would not enable the institution to fully play its role of the guardian that keeps an eye on the constitutionality of adopted laws, at the beginning of the 19th century the Court found its place and became exactly what it was originally intended to be. Decision in Marbury v. Madison gained the Court the crucial power of judicial review. The power of judicial review completely changed the role of the institution that finally became the guardian of the Constitution. This thesis outlines the institutional position of the judicial branch and especially the position of the Supreme Court in American system of government. It also focuses on the political aspects of the nomination process of Supreme Court Justices and...
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The influence of unified and devided government in the first term of president Barack Obama
Gregar, Jan ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Kouba, Karel (referee)
The Influence of Unified and Divided Government in the First Term of the President Barack Obama Abstract: The phenomenon of divided government belongs to one of the most discussed topics in contemporary American political science. The American political system experiences its unprecedented increase since the half of the 20th century, which is connected with the raising interest in that field of interest. I draw on theory of David R. Mayhew, who as a first one systematically studied impact of divided government in comparison with the unified one. I apply his method of research to the first presidency of Barack Obama, who experience the period of both unified and divided government. Based on this data, I assume that divided government had significant influence of the second part of Obama first term in this special case. The reason is not only the type of government, but primarily the environment of Obama first presidency (high political polarisation or economic crises).
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The influence of unified and devided government in the first term of president Barack Obama
Gregar, Jan ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Císař, Ondřej (referee)
The phenomenon of divided government belongs to one of the most discussed topics in contemporary American political science. The American political system experiences its unprecedented increase since the half of the 20th century, which is connected with the obvious interest in such an issue. Many authors reflect it as negative a priori, unless they would study the circumstances of its existence, influence on the system or differences between divided and unified conditions. David R. Mayhew as a first one systematically studied impact of divided government in comparison with the unified one. His theory and especially his conclusions, which claim the absence of fundamental difference in enacting important legislation between the conditions of divided and unified government, are theoretical basis for this work. This paper aims to evaluate first term of President Barack Obama from the perspective of Mayhew's theory, and try to validate his theses from the beginning of 1990s. Key Words: American Political System, Divided Government, Unified Governmnet, David R. Mayhew, American Presidency, Congress of the United States of America.
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The position of the Supreme Court in the American political system and the significance of its decision-making for the political procedure in the USA.
Zástěra, Martin ; Pithart, Petr (advisor) ; Kysela, Jan (referee)
The thesis "Role of the U.S. Supreme Court in American system of government and the importance of Court's decisions for the political process in the United States of America" deals with the institutional role U.S. Supreme Court has in American system of government and puts emphasis on Court's decisions and their practical consequences on the politics in the United States. In history of the country the Court was an influential decision-making body on many occasions. Although shortly after the federation was established many intended to put the Court in position where weak powers given to it would not enable the institution to fully play its role of the guardian that keeps an eye on the constitutionality of adopted laws, at the beginning of the 19th century the Court found its place and became exactly what it was originally intended to be. Decision in Marbury v. Madison gained the Court the crucial power of judicial review. The power of judicial review completely changed the role of the institution that finally became the guardian of the Constitution. This thesis outlines the institutional position of the judicial branch and especially the position of the Supreme Court in American system of government. It also focuses on the political aspects of the nomination process of Supreme Court Justices and...
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The mid-term elections 2010: The changes of the policy and the position of the U.S. President
Blatná, Nikola ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Školkayová, Marta (referee)
The thesis discusses the importance of midterm elections in the American political system and on the example of the congressional election of 2010 analyzes the impact on the position of power players. The first part focuses on the definition of the midterm elections in the American environment. The next section presents the analysis of the results of the midterm election 2010, which is then used to determine the impact of the elections. The work aims to answer the question of how the election affected the relationship of the executive and legislative power. In addition it seeks to identify changes in the position and policies of U.S. President. The conclusion provides an outline of possible developments of the relations between the White House and the 112th Congress.
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Politika domácí bezpečnosti USA a EU po 11. září
Vycudilík, Vojtěch ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Chalupský, Rudolf (referee)
Práce se zabývá vývojem politiky vnitřní / domácí bezpečnosti v USA po 11. září 2001 s ohledem na vývoj v Evropské unii v této oblasti. Zachycuje hlavní změny v architektuře institucí zodopovědných za domácí bezpečnost USA a sleduje vývoj legislativy spjaté s domácí bezpečností. Následně práce analyzuje vliv těchto změn na americký politický systém, na občanské svobody a na rovnováhu moci.
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