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Characteristics of cultivar composition of lupine in the Czech Republic
VOKURKA, Ondřej
This work deals through the method of library research with the current state and options of lupines growing in the Czech Republic, with a closer look on their cultivar composition. Initial characterisation of the vast genus Lupinus and chapters about history, contemporary significance and utilisation of lupine are followed by detailed botanical description of cultural species of this genus. Special attention is given to the growing season, as it is a significant factor that influences the potential of lupines growing in the Czech Republic. The following chapters deal with necessary facts about the habitat requirements of particular lupine species and the agrotechnical principles followed when growing lupines. Then the particular species are examined according to their significance, botanical description and environmental demands. The research concludes with a sketch of the breeding trends and characterisation of the available cultivar composition, including description of lupine varieties currently registered in the Czech Republic.
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Plants alcaloids in history
Píšová, Klára ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
In my undergraduate work, I focused on the alkaloids contained in plants that occur secondary metabolism of plants. Describe here their use and abuse in different stages of human existence. There is also framing the concept of plant alkaloids in the various series of textbooks of natural history and description of representatives of the plants that we have chosen on the basis of what is mentioned in textbooks.
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Microbiota of the digestive tract of bees and related insect and the influencing facftors
Hroncová, Zuzana ; Havlík, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kalous, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis consists of six research chapters, out of which, five have already been published in research journals, 1 is in the process of submission and the last chapter presents original unpublished confidential data in the process of manuscript preparation.
The research presented in this thesis concerns the complex mechanisms of bees and wasps immune system focused on microbiota as component of immunity. As shown in the introduction, highly social and managed species of bees like honey bees and bumble bees, play key roles in natural and agricultural ecosystems worldwide. Recent losses of bees have been attributed to pesticide exposure, poor nutrition, increased parasite loads and habitat degradation. Over the past several years, governments, beekeepers, and the general public worldwide have become concerned by increased losses of honey bee colonies, calling for more research on how to keep colonies healthy. Our main aim was to explore the complex mechanisms of bees and related species gut bacterial populations, their links to insect immunity and investigate the opportunities for an intervention. Part of our aim was to characterise the bumble bee and wasp gut microbiota using 16S RNA sequencing in a search for potentially novel bacterial species.
We have tried to explain how microbiome interacts with the host and showed that major members of these communities appear to benefit the host. The simple gut communities of social bees present ideal model systems to investigate the underlying evolutionary and genetic processes of such interactions. Information based on our results may help in the design of proper probiotic supplementation strategies with respect to physiological conditions in the honey bee gut.
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In vitro anti-proliferation activity alkaloids the Amaryllidaceae
Panenková, Kristýna ; Havlík, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Jarošová, Veronika (referee)
Summary
Natural phytochemicals are currently used in the treatment of many diseases. Cancers are just ones of them and they are ranked among the most common and the most serious. Phytochemicals in the form of cytostatics are used in chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In future there could be included among cytostatics also some alkaloids from the family
of Amaryllidaceae, whose testing for a selective cytostatic effect on tumor cell lines
of colorectal carcinoma Caco-2 and HT-29 and on normal cell lines of human intestinal epithelial FHs 74 Int is a subject of this thesis.
There were tested 17 alkaloids isolated from plants of Chlidanthusfragrans, Zephyranthes robusta and Nerine bowdenii. Particularly alkaloids from plant Zephyranthes robusta namely haemanthamine with this values: IC50 = 0.99 plus/minus 0.14 microM for tumor cells, Caco-2, 0.59 plus/minus 0.01 microM for tumor cells HT-29 and 19.47 plus/minus 8.86 microM for normal cells
FHs 74 Int, Lycorine with values IC50 = 0.99 plus/minus 0.08 microM for tumor cells Caco-2, 1.2 plus/minus 0.01 microM for tumor cells HT-29 and 22.68 plus/minus 0.09 microM for normal cells FHs 74 Int and Haemanthidin with values IC50 = 3.29 plus/minus 0.91 microM to tumor cells Caco-2, 1.72 plus/minus 0.11 microM to tumor cells HT-29, and 11.63 plus/minus 0.86 microM for normal cells FHs 74 Int proved a significant
anti-proliferative activity.
From these results there is evident the selectivity against colorectal cancer cell lines. For this reason, those tested alkaloids are suitable for further testing and for study of their biological activity against tumor cells in the terms of in vitro and in vivo.
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Natural drugs in cancer treatment and their cytotoxicity
Hájková, Tereza ; Raudenská, Martina (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
The thesis deals with the natural substances in context with the cancer disease. The natural substances have a positive effect on the human organism and they are able to influence the viability and the growth of the cancer cells. The main mechanical device is to influence the mechanisms needed to start the apoptosis of the cancer cells and stopping further proliferation. The cancer cell lines utilization in the cancer disease is discussed in the thesis too. The thesis states common methods of determining the natural substances cytotoxicity. For the experimental part of the thesis it was chosen the MTT test method and the xCELLigence system for monitoring in real time. The mechanical device of the tested substance capsaicin in application on the prostate cell lines, tumorous PC3 and nontumorous PNT1A influence will be observed within the experimental part of the thesis.
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Influencing of caffein absorption from cola-type beverages
Osecká, Karolína ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on basic physicochemical properties of caffeine and investigation of the interaction between the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronan (HA), pectin (PEC) or lignohumate (HUM) and the alkaloid caffeine (CAF). The reason why this thesis was focused on study of aqueous solutions of hyaluronan or pectin with caffeine is that the presence of polysaccharide- caffeine complex could be beneficial for slowing the absorption of caffeine. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis there is described a group of alkaloids, which caffeine belongs to and also polysaccharides hyaluronic acid and pectin. The most attention has been paid to caffeine, its properties and effects on the human organism. This diploma thesis also deals with non-alcoholic beverages with caffeine, 4-methylimidazole, and phosphoric acid. The last chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to fluorescence spectroscopy. In the experimental part of this work I deal with the basic properties of caffeine and interaction between the caffeine and selected polysaccharides or lignohumate. At first, the chemical and physical properties of caffeine were determined. Based on these results the interaction of caffeine and hyaluronan or pectin was studied by using the fluorescence and absorbance. The HA of molecular weight of 1,7 MDa and pectin from citrus fruits were chosen for the study of the interaction with the caffeine. These two substances were mixed with the caffeine of concentration contained in Coca-Cola. The results of interaction that would lead to the influence of the emission or absorption properties of caffeine, were not proved. As a part of the work there was determined how pectin behaves in strongly acidic solution and then there was monitored the pH, conductivity and solubility of caffeine in water by using thermogravimetry and visual experiments. The obtained results of the interaction of hyaluronan-caffeine, pectin caffeine or caffeine-lignohumate can be used for description of the behavior of caffeine in the presence of selected polysaccharides and natural organic substance.
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Influence of polysaccharides on caffein absorption from beverages
Osecká, Karolína ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on investigation of the interaction between the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronan (HA) and the alkaloid caffeine (CAF). The reason why this thesis was focused on study of aqueous solutions of hyaluronan with caffeine is that presence of polysaccharide can slow down the realising from hyalurona-caffeine complex. At first, it was determined whether the photophysical properties of caffeine reacts in different polarity solvents. Based on these results was studied the interaction of caffeine and hyaluronan using the fluorescence. Emission and excitation spectra of caffeine were observed. The HA of molecular weight of 1.7 MDa were chosen for the study of the interactions with the caffeine of concentration the caffeine contained in coffee. The results of interaction that would result to influence the emission properties of CAF, not show. In acidic solutions leading to the formation of various shapes of HA and by centrifugation it was determined whether HA in this form interacts with CAF, which was shown to decrease the absorbance of the supernatant in the CAF. The solution and the mixtures were measured in four types of environment in hydrochloric acid solutions at different pH. The influence of constant addition of caffeine and the HA of molecular weights of 1.7 MDa with different concentrations in different acidic solutions. As a part of the work was to determine how hyaluronan behaves in strongly acidic solution. And then determine the pH in model gastric juices after intake of Coca Cola and Kofola. The obtained results can be used as for description of the behavior of caffeine in the presence of selected polysaccharide.
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Chemical defence of ladybirds against ants
ROZSYPALOVÁ, Adéla
This work studied distastefulness of alkaloids of eight ladybird species (Adalia bipunctata, Calvia quatuordecimguttata, Coccinella septempunctata, Cynegetis impunctata, Exochomus quadripustulatus, Halyzia sedecimguttata, Harmonia axyridis, Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata) for ants Lasius niger. The reaction to extracts of various ladybird species isn´t corelated with their size. There is a weak relationship of distastefulness on ladybird coloration.
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