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Neurobiology of food addiction
Cíbiková, Sofia Anna ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Petríková, Ivana (referee)
This work deals with food addiction, mainly its neurobiological basis. The fact that highly processed food high in calories can have effects similar to those of addictive substances has been known for decades, however with the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in the last few years, there is more and more research being done in this area. Food addiction very often correlates with obesity and eating disorders, such as binge eating disorder, and naturally has a negative impact on the health of an increasing number of people. Excessive consumption of highly caloric foods causes changes in the neural pathways in the brain, especially those connected to dopamine and the reward system which, similarly to substance use disorders, leads to addiction, which manifests itself in loss of control over the consumption, developed tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Stress together with various mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety are often factors contributing to the development of addiction. Understanding the similarities between food addiction and substance use disorders can be beneficial for finding an appropriate treatment. Cognitive intervention and therapeutic methods seem to be the most effective, on the other hand strict diets and efforts to make major lifestyle changes often bring...
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The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of drug dependence
Durdilová, Marie ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Janoušková, Alena (referee)
The abuse of addictive substances is widely spread and carries numerous negative impacts, both on individuals and their surroundings. Some substances can lead to addiction after just a few doses, while for others, it may be a more prolonged process. However, the result is generally similar, with the prioritization of the drug or activity becoming the individual's main focus in life. This shift in priorities is linked to increased dopamine production due to the substance's effects, and the modulation of reward circuits in the brain. Changes in the connectivity and excitability of neurons in the mesolimbic and mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems lead to the development and maintenance of addiction. These neuronal changes are maintained in the body through epigenetic remodeling of chromatin. The pattern of epigenetic modifications, characteristic for a specific type of abused substance, can be passed on to the next generation, thereby increasing the potential for addiction development in offspring. Research on epigenetic modifications associated with addiction provides us with a deeper understanding of the neurophysiological changes accompanying drug addiction. At the same time, it raises the question of further treatment possibilities for drug addiction by targeting the epigenetic modifications that...
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Evolution of Social media
Boček, Lukáš ; Froehling, Kenneth (referee) ; Sedláček, Pavel (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá historií sociálních médií a příklady těch nejznámějších a nejpoužívanějších z nich. Sociální média se v posledních letech stala neodmyslitelnou součástí moderního života a změnily nejen jeho tempo, ale i mezilidské vztahy. Práce popisuje sociální média od jejich vzniku až po současnost a popisuje vývoj jednotlivých sociálních sítí a přichází s důvody jejich úspěchu, či naopak neúspěchu. Práce se navíc zaměřuje na současný stav sociálních sítí a zároveň poskytuje výzkum zaměřený na uživatele sociálních sítí v České republice. Výzkum se zabývá kromě využívání jednotlivých platforem také zkušenostmi uživatelů se závislostí na sociálních médiích. Tato závislost je v práci dále rozebrána. Práce se zaměřuje na výhody a nevýhody využívání sociálních sítí a také na bezpečnostní rizika s nimi spojená.
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The role of social andragogy in the prevention of risky behavior
Pásková, Veronika ; Veteška, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dostálová, Vladimíra (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the role of social andragogy in the prevention and possible solution of risky behavior with focus on risky addictive behavior. The thesis provides the reader with a compact insight into issue of addictive behavior, its development, complications, consequences and solutions. The aim of the work is to define the dangerousness and harmfulness of addictive substances, their devastating impact on the health and social status of an individual with an emphasis on the role of social andragogy. The theoretical part of the work introduces the problem of addiction as a whole, presents individual addictive substances available in the Czech Republic, divides them into individual categories, and introduces the reader to the history of the use of addictive substances. In the context of social andragogy, they will learn about the processes of socialization and resocialization, integration and reinteration, which play an important role in the prevention and solution of addictive behavior. Andragogic intervention is one of the very high-quality means that help people with signs of addictive behavior to return to the normal social environment. The reader will be introduced to its meaning, goal and entire process in the final chapter of the theoretical part. The theoretical part deals,...
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Work with the Client's Motivation for Substitution Treatment
NEUMANOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor's thesis explores a client's motivation to pursue substitution treatments. The objective of this bachelor's thesis is to understand the client's motive towards seeking substitution treatment from the viewpoint of a social worker. This thesis contains 2 main parts: a theoretical and practical. In the theoretical aspect, I focused on the detailed explanations of key concepts linked to the topic of my thesis. This included the definition of addictive substances, their classifications, the importance of substitution treatment, the client's motivation and the methods used to support their interest in substitution treatments. In the practical aspect, I focused on identifying the most common methods used to support a client's motivation for substitution treatments. To obtain my results, I used a qualitative research method through a semi-structured interview technique, which was conducted by social workers who work with substance abusers. The data collected was analyzed using open coding techniques and a comparison was made based on the nature of the data. Then, the data was grouped and clearly displayed into tables. The results of the data analysis, demonstrates that the role of social worker who works with victims of substance abuse, is high specific and very individualized. Social workers utilize a variety of methods to motivate their client to pursue substitutional treatment. The most common and efficacious technique is a motivational interview.
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Ethical dilemmas of social workers with drug addicts
LIŠKOVÁ, Erika
The work deals with the ethical dilemmas of social workers when working with drug addicts. It lists specific ethical dilemmas solved in the contact center and describes the impact of the solved dilemmas on the professional and private life of social workers. To clarify the assigned topic, it first explains addiction and the causes of its emergence. It also describes what the social workers of the contact center do and the most common problems that are solved with drug addicts within the framework of social work. The thesis describes the ethical dilemmas that were discovered through a semi-structured interview with contact center workers, which was supplemented by participant observation, carried out during the interviews. The thesis shows how workers perceive ethical dilemmas and how they overcome them. The research probe contains conclusions from the statements of the contact center social workers and transcripts of interviews.
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Life experiences of active drug users
FIDLEROVÁ, Nikola
The bachelor thesis focuses on the life experiences of active substance users. The aim of the thesis is to find out what effect active use of illegal substances and participation in criminal activities has on family relationships. A sub-objective is to identify what contexts have influenced the development of addiction. The thesis examines the family, its influence on addiction and the impact of addiction on the family. It introduces what addiction is, the categorical divisions of addictive substances, the most common problems associated with the active use of illicit substances, social work with users, help options for illicit substance users, and addiction treatment. The last chapter includes qualitative research based on two families, with a total of six narratives, who have experienced a family member's addiction to illicit substances. The results present addiction from the perspective of active users, their mothers, and younger brothers.
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Optimisation of pressure condition in water supply systems
Sucháček, Tomáš ; Svoboda,, Miroslav (referee) ; Pollert, Jaroslav (referee) ; Tuhovčák, Ladislav (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the optimization of pressure conditions in the water supply network. There is a deep theoretical and critical search of the state of the art and there are fields where there is an insufficient field of knowledge, the so-called "knowledge gap". Experiments are proposed here to determine the dependence of water consumption on pressure conditions. There is a description of experiments and way how it was carried out, which were carried out on the water connection, in the pressure zone and in the laboratory on the hydraulic loop. There is proposed a methodology of experimental determination of the mathematical dependence of water consumption on pressure so that it can be used for optimization problems, where consumption is considered as an optimization criterion. The results of individual experiments are evaluated and a critical discussion of the achieved results is carried out. Finally, the achieved results are compared with the values found in a deep literature search.
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Assesment of air concentration in water depending on pressure
Uttendorfský, Petr ; Himr, Daniel (referee) ; Pochylý, František (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with air concentration in the water. The general conception comes from Henry's law about gas dissolved in the liquids depending on pressure. The basic derivation, the values which influence dissolvability and the Henry's Law constant´s forms are discussed here. Next part is about the usage aeration in the industry and in the construction of aeration systems. The special equipment is for realization experiment. This special equipment is gas´s accumulator based. The measured values are expressed as the tables and the graphs. The data from experiment validated the force of Henry´s Law: with growing pressure above water level, the air concentration in the water is growing too.
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Meat, Bones, Useless Things
Walter, František ; Zet, Martin (referee) ; Ruller, Tomáš (advisor)
This work is the presentation of a personal philosophy. Form of video addresses the issues of themes: love, addiction, future, suicide, transience. It is processed with a digital camera in full HD format. I offer no solutions to problems, I displaying only subjective reality.
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