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Government expenditure on education
ŠMEJKALOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with government expenditure on education in the Czech Republic. Education is characterized as a publicly provided good. The thesis discusses the reasons why it is appropriate for the state to finance education from public budgets. It classifies education in the Czech Republic and describes the method of public financing of education. The data sources are mainly values from the OECD statistical database. An important part of this thesis is an analysis of the level and dynamics of government expenditure on education in international comparison. The comparison of government expenditure on education is made by several indicators, such as government expenditure on education expressed as a proportion of GDP, government expenditure on education per capita, government expenditure on education expressed as a proportion of total government expenditure and percentage comparison of public and private sector financing of educational institutions. The results of the analyses show that the Czech Republic's government expenditure on education is lower than the average of OECD countries. An important part of the thesis is the search for a link between government expenditure on education and the Better life index. This index allows for a comparison of well-being across countries based on eleven indicators that the OECD considers essential in terms of living conditions and quality of life. When we compared the Czech Republic's position in the Better Life Index values for the education indicator variable, we concluded that the Czech Republic was higher in the Better Life Index education scores than in the analyses of government spending on education. A correlation analysis was used to find the relationship between the level of government spending on education and some of the Better life index indicators, namely the indicators of years in education, quality of support network and life satisfaction.
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Analýza vztahu mezi veřejným financováním a vzděláváním: komparace Filipín, Malajsie a Thajska
Štursová, Kateřina
Providing high-quality education for everyone has been one of the principal objectives of development in the 21st century since education may be linked to the increase in the living standards and social development. In this thesis, the variable of education in the 21st century has been investigated within the period of 2010–2019 amid the era of two UN international programmes: Education for All (EFA) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The analysis was dedicated to three countries of Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Although the overall quality of education ranked low compared to other countries in the examined period, between 2% to 6% of GDP had been invested in education in the three analysed countries. The relationship between the government expenditures and enrolment to school served as the main inquired variable. A week relationship between the variable of financing and enrolment was then identified in Thailand and, by contrast, a strong relationship emerged in connection to the university level of education in the Philippines. A direct dependence, and thus a relationship exhibiting a growth of expenditures alongside the rise in enrolment, occurred only in Thailand in 2010–2014.
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Politický cyklus a vládní výdaje v Řecku
Hromádková, Anita
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to examine whether a political cycle has an influence on government expenditures in Greece. The thesis contains a description of a Greek voting system and there are listed the results of parliamentary election in the country since the fall of the dictatorship in 1974. The empirical part of the thesis examines the effects of political business cycle in Greece state, based on annual time series analysis between 1980 and 2017. For the analysis purpose is used the OLS method. The differences between general government total expenditures and government consumption expenditures are observed. The results of testing indicate the effect of political business cycle. Furthermore, election dates exogenously fixed by law are differentiated from early evoked elections. The results of testing are pointing out, that fiscal policy is being manipulated especially during early evoked elections.
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Politický cyklus a vládní výdaje v Nizozemsku
Pekárková, Marie
The work deals with the political cycle in the Netherlands. In the first part of the work, the political-economic cycle is described, from a theoretical point of view. At first, the development of the political-economic cycle from a historical point of view is described, then an explanation of why present economists are leaning towards the theory of the political budget cycle is added and then the studies of political budget cycle, which has been chosen, is analysed. That is used as a basis for the practical part of the work. The practical part includes an analysis of the annual timeline of government expenditures from 1960 to 2017. An effect of the political budget cycle on an amount of government expenditures in the Netherlands is examined according to the timeline. The OLS method was used for empirical analysis. The results of the analysis do not show any statistically important indications of the existence of the political budget cycle in the Netherlands. That is caused mostly by the high quality of fiscal institutions and fiscal transparency.
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Expenditures on active and passive labour market policies in CR between 1993 and 2014
Vrátná, Barbora ; Kubelková, Karina (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyses expenditures on active and passive labour market policies (ALMP and PLMP) and to answer the question why there were changes in the proportion of expenditures on ALMP and PLMP in Czech Republic between 1993 and 2014. Thesis also aims to asses future (post-crissis) development of the expenditures on state labour market policy. The theoretical part of this work examines state employment policy and its division into ALMP and PLMP, focusing on Czech Republic and ALMP tools. The practical part of this thesis analyses both absolute and relative terms expenditures on ALMP and PLMP between 1993 and 2014 and puts them into relation with unemployment and GDP, with government objectives and other important facts (EU entry). The total amouth of expenditures on state labour parket policies has been rising since 1993. The proportion of expenditures on ALMP and PLMP was going through significant changes and the role of ALMP increases in time. Nevertheless, the average value of expenditures on PLMP for the entire period is almost twice the average expenditure on ALMP.
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Struktura vládních výdajů a ekonomický růst
Všetičková, Simona ; Potužák, Pavel (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
This thesis examines the effect of the government expenditure structure on the economic growth. The objective is to determine which components of public expenditures are growth enhancing and which growth retarding. The theoretical model is set into the endogenous growth framework and describes the growth mechanism of productive and unproductive government expenditures. The growth impact of public spending composition is analysed for 18 European countries from 1996 to 2012. The empirical part is based on the panel data analysis. The empirical findings suggest that reallocating public resources towards education and health can promote growth. Whereas, higher expenditures on spending and defence are likely to be growth-retarding.
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Porovnanie miery štátnych zásahov do ekonomiky od roku 1929 do roku 1950 vo vybraných ekonomikách Európy
Kramplová, Alžběta
Bachelor thesis examines the extent of state activity in the economy and its relationship with economic growth in selected European countries in the period from 1929 to 1950. It deals with the views of the relationship between economic growth and the level of government spending in detail the three major insights Wagner' law, Keynes's view and the index of economic freedom. Part of this paper is a literature review of works dealing with similar issues. The main method for determining whether there is a relationship between the degree of state intervention and economic growth is the Pearson correlation coefficient.
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Analysis of the selected causes of the debt ceiling crisis in the United States
Lukács, Viktória ; Ševčíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Mládek, Josef (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze selected causes of the current debt ceiling crisis in the United States, which culminated in 2011. The first part deals with the development of the debt ceiling in the U.S. and the historically important increases in the limit. Selected expenditure items of the U.S federal budget are analyzed for their creation of the high deficit and debt limit crises in the country, with focus on the costs of the health and social security systems. The second part analyzes the inefficiencies of these systems and the economic measures accepted from 2004 -2012 associated with the debt ceiling increases, which led to the analyzed crisis in 2011.
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The Problem of Equality and Efficiency in the Implementation of Government Programmes
Hybner, David ; Musil, Martin (advisor) ; Krbová, Jana (referee)
The aim of my thesis "Question of fairness and effectiveness in the implementation of government programs" is to clarify the terms connected with this topic. The first, theoretical part explains the meaning of terms such as government spending, effectiveness and factors relating to effectiveness. It also pays attention to general economical terms e.g. Pareto effectiveness, externalities etc. The second, practical section focuses on a university tuition fees problem. I will present current models and expectations, and more importantly introduce my vision, which, if implemented, would change the education system. I will also include proposals and their possible development in the future.
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