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The role of vitamin D in the laboratory diagnosis of osteoporosis
BECHEROVÁ, Alexandra
This bachelor thesis deals with the role of vitamin D in the human body in the context of osteoporosis. Vitamin D is crucial for bone metabolism and immune function. Vitamin D deficiency, called hypovitaminosis D, can lead to various health problems, including osteoporosis, characterized by weakened bones and increased risk of fractures. This paper focuses on a comparison of vitamin D levels between screened patients and patients with osteoporosis, examining possible associations between these levels and the incidence of the disease.
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Production of pates with the addition of mushrooms
Tóthová, Martina ; Holub, Jiří (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the sensory evaluation of pâté with mushrooms. First the 3 samples of pâtés were made to select the right concentration of mushrooms for sensory evaluation. Then the 7 samples of pâtés which contained different texture and types of mushrooms were produced. In the theoretical part pâtés are characterised, their manufacturing and types of pâtés are described. The part of literature search is description of mushrooms in general, their composition and description of mushrooms which were used for production of pâtés. Another topic is description of conditionals and methods of sensory analysis. The experimental part is focused on the production of pâtés for two sensory analyses, evaluating the heat treatment and sensory analysis. The content of vitamin D in the samples of pâtés was analysed by liquid chromatography. Processing of results of sensory analysis of pâtés was determined that the best samples were pâtés with milled champignons and champignons which were add in blender.
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Význam vitaminu D a jeho metabolitů v reprodukci živočišných organismů
Červenka, Jiří
Vitamin D is considered to be a group of molecules that have many functions in animal organisms. The best known of these is the key role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and regulation of bone mineralization. In recent years, however, many new functions of this vitamin have been discovered, such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, its influence on the immune system or its function in animal reproduction. This thesis deals with the importance of vitamin D in animal reproduction with an emphasis on livestock. In the literature review, the occurrence of receptors for vitamin D in cells of various types of different tissues of reproductive system, particularly in mammals and birds, and the function of various metabolites mediated by these receptors are discussed in the individual chapters. The thesis includes the design of methodology, which would test the effect of vitamin D on reproduction of the male and female domestic chickens. The hypothesis could verify, whether or not, Rhode Island Red cockerels, that would be fed a diet with a higher vitamin D content would demonstrate better ejaculate parameters and higher fertilization of eggs laid by Rhoade Island White hens inseminated with this semen. Furthemore, a solution is proposed to verify the hypothesis, assuming higher hatchability and lower embryonic mortality in hens fed higher vitamin D feed mixture. The result would be compared with hens and roosters of the same breeds, reared in an environment with the same conditions, fed a vitamin D deficient feed mixture.
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Production of pates with the addition of mushrooms
Tóthová, Martina ; Holub, Jiří (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the sensory evaluation of pâté with mushrooms. First the 3 samples of pâtés were made to select the right concentration of mushrooms for sensory evaluation. Then the 7 samples of pâtés which contained different texture and types of mushrooms were produced. In the theoretical part pâtés are characterised, their manufacturing and types of pâtés are described. The part of literature search is description of mushrooms in general, their composition and description of mushrooms which were used for production of pâtés. Another topic is description of conditionals and methods of sensory analysis. The experimental part is focused on the production of pâtés for two sensory analyses, evaluating the heat treatment and sensory analysis. The content of vitamin D in the samples of pâtés was analysed by liquid chromatography. Processing of results of sensory analysis of pâtés was determined that the best samples were pâtés with milled champignons and champignons which were add in blender.
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The issue of vitamin D in elite sport
Káchová, Nikola ; Dostal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kalendová, Barbora (referee)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be synthesized in the skin after exposure to sunlight or obtained through food or supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 14 days of sun exposure in an area with higher levels of UV radiation (Dubai, United Arab Emirates) on vitamin D concentrations in a selected group of water slalom athletes and to further evaluate the changes in concentrations after a further 14 and 30 days after return. Data for the study were obtained by using four blood draws and comparing the average vitamin D concentration between the blood draws. Eleven elite athletes aged 18-35 years who were not taking vitamin D supplements participated in the study. The results showed that before the intervention, the athletes had average vitamin D levels lower (69.4 nmol/l) than the lower reference limit set at 75 nmol/l. Exposure to sunlight for 14 days resulted in a significant increase in vitamin D concentration, with an average increase of 10.8 nmol/l in the study group. Upon return to the Czech Republic, the vitamin D level increased slightly by an average of 0.7 nmol/l for 14 days, but this increase was not statistically significant compared to the previous sampling. After 30 days of stay, the vitamin D level decreased on average by 1.3 nmol/l. This result...
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Vitamin D deficiency and post-surgery recovery
Veigertová, Tereza ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
This diploma thesis pursues the topic of vitamin D deficiency, which is rather prevalent in the Czech population. The theoretical part summarizes findings about the systemic function of vitamin D in the human body and its importance in postoperative recovery. We know about vitamin D's impact on xenobiotic detoxification, reduction of oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and immunoregulation. Ubiquitous intracellular vitamin D receptors mediate the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D. Objectives: The principal aim of the thesis was to demonstrate the difference in the number of postoperative complications and lengths of hospitalization in patients with vitamin D deficiency and patients without vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, the research aims to discover the relationship between vitamin D and postoperative recovery and evaluate the importance of vitamin D supplementation in preoperative deficiency. Methods: The practical part uses retrospective data from the database of the Klatovská nemocnice on patients monitored in the internal and osteological outpatient department. The criteria for the selection of patients were performed surgery and measured serum level of 25(OH)D. Postoperative complications were evaluated. The evaluation took into account the patients' age and type of operation. Patients...
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Effect of vitamin D on ABCB1 and CYP3A4 expression in human precision-cut intestinal slices
Mazurová, Tereza ; Vokřál, Ivan (advisor) ; Matoušková, Petra (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Tereza Mazurová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ivan Vokřál, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of vitamin D on the expression of ABCB1 and CYP3A4 in human intestinal slices When drugs are administered orally, their absorption is significantly affected by the intestinal barrier. This barrier expresses a variety of efflux and uptake transporters, as well as first and second-phase biotransformation enzymes. The most important efflux transporter in the intestinal barrier is P-glycoprotein, which has a broad substrate specificity. Among the first-phase biotransformation enzymes, cytochrome P450 3A4 is the most important. Their function is to protect the human body from the toxic effects of xenobiotics, including drugs. Many clinically important drugs act as substrates, inhibitors or inducers in relation to these proteins, which may result in an increased risk of drug interactions. A plethora of dietary supplements or medicines containing vitamin D can be found in the pharmacy. It is used for the proper development of bones and teeth, for the proper function of the immune system or for the treatment of osteomalacia, rickets or osteoporosis. Limited information is available on its effects on P-gp and...
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Levels of vitamin D in relation to respiratory diseases up to 19 years of age
KRAUS, Petr
Introduction: The positive effects of vitamin D on the human body are frequently discussed and investigated by numerous studies, both foreign and domestic, and its serum levels are closely monitored in relation to diseases. Vitamin D has positive effects on the immune system, influences intestinal calcium transport, is important for proper mental and physical development and growth of children, even during pregnancy, and helps prevent lung diseases. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between blood vitamin D levels and respiratory diseases in children. Methodology: Serum vitamin D levels and their relationship to respiratory diseases were also monitored in relation to gender and season (summer and winter). Sample: Blood samples were collected from 127 respondents aged 2 months to 18 years, including both healthy and sick individuals, for vitamin D levels. Data collection and processing for healthy children were approved by their parents (Appendix 1). Blood samples were collected over a period of two years at a healthcare facility in the South Bohemian region. The results were evaluated in two borderline groups, at 50 and 75 nmol/L. Furthermore, the vitamin D content of 10 diets of these children was processed and evaluated. The resulting values of vitamin D levels also included studied diets. Results: The results did not confirm the expected relationship between vitamin D levels and respiratory tract diseases in children in either borderline group at 50 and 75 nmol/L. However, partial effects on the respiratory tract were confirmed. Discussion: The author attempts to explain why the hypothesis was not clearly confirmed.
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Význam konzumace rybího masa v prevalenci skrytého hladu u dětí: komparace vybraných zemí Latinské Ameriky a Afriky
Rajchmanová, Jana
This thesis is primarily focused on the impact of fish meat supply on the prevalence of hidden hunger in children under 5 years of age in selected countries from Africa and Latin America. The aim of the thesis was to test the hypothesis that there is an inverse realtionship between fish meat supply and the prevalence of indicators representing the prevalence of hidden hunger. As the prevalence of hidden hunger is influenced by many factors, the analytical part of the thesis also included an analysis of the effect of total calorie intake and protein intake. Correlations were performed for each selected country from Africa and Latin America separately, and then also as an average of selected countries from both regions. Trends in dietary intake of each micronutrient in the selected countries were also monitored. An inverse realtionship was found between fish meat supply and the prevalence of hidden hunger, as well as between total energy intake and the prevalence of hidden hunger, and between protein supply and the prevalence of hidden hunger. For selected countries in the African region, total calorie supply had the greatest effect on the prevalence of hidden hunger, followed by protein supply and finally fish meat supply. For the selected countries from the Latin American region, protein supply, followed by total calorie supply, and finally fish meat supply had the greatest impact on the reduction of hidden hunger.
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Intake of the D vitamin at children in older school age
SALZEROVÁ, Eliška
Recent scientific research speaks of the vast importance of Vitamin D concerning our health. It is widely known that vitamin D affects the metabolism of calcium. Moreover, new evidence recently came to light about its positive effects on areas outside the immune system. It also impacts a child's proper growth and development, nervous system functioning, and creation and growth of neurons. Up to 60 % of European children suffer from Vitamin D deficiency. The reason for that can be insufficient intake of vitamin D-rich foods and inadequate time spent outside in the sunshine. I chose four goals for my bachelor's thesis. The first goal is to ascertain the amount of vitamin D that lower secondary school children intake orally. The second is to ascertain the significance of oral vitamin D supplements for lower secondary school children. The third goal is to ascertain the number of products with vitamin D content than lower secondary school children have in their diet. The last goal is to determine what part of dietary reference intake of vitamin D lower secondary school children take in from food. The method I chose to reach those goals was quantitative-qualitative. The sample consisted of 20 lower secondary school children from Písek and surrounding areas. For research methods, I decided on questionnaires and a weekly menu. Questionnaires allowed me to determine the number of products with vitamin D content that each subject consumed and information about potential supplements. The foods listed in the menus were input into the Nutriservis software, which calculated the vitamin D content in microgramms per day and week. Subsequently, I used the weekly vitamin D intake to calculate the percentage of its weekly oral dietary reference intake that the subjects take in. If the subject used supplements, I added that to the overall amount and again calculated the actual vitamin D taken in as a weekly oral dietary reference intake percentage. The questionnaire uncovered concerning products with vitamin D content, lower secondary school children prefer milk, or dairy products, and eggs. Another frequently consumed products were vegetable oils. Fish appeared in the diet once or twice per week. Almost half of the subjects did not eat liver at all. The results of the weekly menu made it clear that supplements are crucial to fulfilling the weekly oral dietary reference intake as, without them, none of the subjects would fulfil the weekly DRI Subjects that did use supplements were successful in 75 % of cases. Weekly oral dietary reference intake was fulfilled by six out of eight subjects using supplements. These results indicate that it is necessary to increase awareness of both children and parents about vitamin D intake.
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