|
|
Categorial Ontology Introduced by Aristotle and Edward Jonathan Lowe.
PRIEHRADNÁ, Markéta
This thesis aims to compare two ontologies regarding their ontological status of universals, namely the Aristotle's one and the Lowe's one. The first part deals with the extension of research of the being, in which the problem of universals plays a key role. The following chapters analyse the ontologies of Aristotle and Lowe with respect to their individual deficiencies. The last section compares the acquired data and describes the differences between the two ontologies. In Aristotle's approach these seem to be the ten categories of the basic entities, while in Lowe's approach there are four categories from the ontological square which may be qualified as basic beings. The last section also deals with other differences of the two ontologies, such as hylomorphism and the connection between universals and particulars.
|
|
|
Realism at Prague university during the reign of Wenceslas IV
Řezník, Jan ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee) ; Demjančuk, Nikolaj (referee)
This thesis is devoted to the analysis of the realist view in the dispute about the nature of universals at Prague university during the reign of Wenceslas IV. At the same time, I explore the realism of the beginning of the fifteenth century in the Czech intellectual environment with regard to its international influences, with which I deal both synchronically and diachronically. I inquire into Prague realism as an original tradition of thinking, which is inspired by the philosophy and logic of foreign thinkers, but such influence is recontextualized into the Czech intellectual environment in a completely unprecedented way. My epistemological framework is based in inductive research, which I conduct by combining the results derived from the analysis of independent datasets of primary data. Such methodological choice enables me to carry out triangulation, i.e. finding the objective truth through approaching the topic from various viewpoints. I reach the conclusion that the dispute about the nature of universals at Prague university at the beginning of the fifteenth century cannot be reduced to the opposition between the nominalism of German masters and the realism of Czech masters, but realism can be apprehended as an important school of thought in terms of establishing an independent tradition of...
|
|
| |
|
|
Theory of universals in J. Locke and W. Ockham
BAUER, Lukáš
This thesis deals with universals, as conceived by J. Locke and W. Ockham. It is based on two major writings: William Ockham´s ?Ordinatio? and John Locke´s ?An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding?. The first part of the thesis summarizes the main points of theories that deal with universals. Ockham´s theory of ?fictum?, its subsequent criticism and theory ?intellectio?. The section on the theory of J. Locke is based on the theory of general ideas. The final part focuses on the comparison of these theories. Whether you can find some similarities. The last step is the application of criticism of Ockham´s fictum theory to Locke´s theory of universal ideas.
|
|
|
The theory of common nature of Thomas Aqvinas in the treatise De ente et essentia
BUZKOVÁ, Markéta
The work deals with theory of common nature and universals of Aquinas in the treatise De ente et essentia. In first part is defined conceptual foundation based on Aristotelian and Avicennian concepts of essence and existence. Avicenna defines two ways how can be essence considered. First it is absolute consideration of the essence and second the essence considered as it has being. Thomas Aquinas develops his notion of essence in a quite noticeable Avicennian framework. In the second part are presented the theory of common nature by St. Thomas. The theory is based on the essence considered as it has being, we can found it in rational soul.
|
guest ::
