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The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of drug dependence
Durdilová, Marie ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Janoušková, Alena (referee)
The abuse of addictive substances is widely spread and carries numerous negative impacts, both on individuals and their surroundings. Some substances can lead to addiction after just a few doses, while for others, it may be a more prolonged process. However, the result is generally similar, with the prioritization of the drug or activity becoming the individual's main focus in life. This shift in priorities is linked to increased dopamine production due to the substance's effects, and the modulation of reward circuits in the brain. Changes in the connectivity and excitability of neurons in the mesolimbic and mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems lead to the development and maintenance of addiction. These neuronal changes are maintained in the body through epigenetic remodeling of chromatin. The pattern of epigenetic modifications, characteristic for a specific type of abused substance, can be passed on to the next generation, thereby increasing the potential for addiction development in offspring. Research on epigenetic modifications associated with addiction provides us with a deeper understanding of the neurophysiological changes accompanying drug addiction. At the same time, it raises the question of further treatment possibilities for drug addiction by targeting the epigenetic modifications that...
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Use and Abuse of Herbal Stimulants
Lichtenbergová, Lucie ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with plant stimulants and their biologically active substances. The first theoretical part of the thesis presents basic information about plant stimulants, basic characteristics of secondary metabolism and secondary metabolites, including their occurrence in different plants. Next, the thesis discusses selected representatives, together with their biologically active substances, which provide stimulatory effects on the human organism. Subsequently, the thesis presents the issue of possible dependencies on plant stimulants, which are almost unknown in terms of information. This theoretical part was of a research character. The last part of the thesis is didactic, it deals with the analysis of curriculum documents for four-year high schools in terms of the amount of information about plant stimulants. The didactic part includes the design of a worksheet and also laboratory work that could be used in education. Plant stimulants are widespread all over the world, but awareness of them is quite low, so this work can be used in teaching to broaden awareness of the issue. KEYWORDS plant stimulants, stimulants, secondary metabolites, drug addiction
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The awareness of highschool students in the Jindřichův Hradec district of the effects and risks of the use of stimulant addictive substances
Jirušková, Vendula ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on stimulant addictive substances problematics. In the theoretical part there are characteristics of health, personality development during adolescence, problems associated with addiction, its primary prevention, and addiction treatment in adolescents. The main part of this thesis is focused on stimulant addictive substances, their most common representatives, their effects and risks. In the practical part you can find my own research focused on the analysis of the student awareness of the effects and risks of the stimulant addictive substances. The students are from multiple highschools in Jindřichův Hradec, all in their gratuating year. From 4 different highschools schools in Jindřichův Hradec there were 104 students that participated in the research. The method I chose for my research was a quantitative research and as its tool I used structured quantitative survey, created in Microsoft Forms and then distrubuted to probands online. All the objectives and aims of this diploma thesis has been achieved using this method. The results of the survey show that students in their graduating year have some basic awarness about stimulant addictive substances, however, the lack of knowledge is appreciable. The results also shows the insufficiency of the primary prevention...
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The role of stimulants in men having sex with men
Gajdošová, Klára ; Matoušek, Petr (advisor) ; Zachová, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of non- heterosexual men, who use/have used stimulants. In the Czech Republic a minimum of publications deals with this issue. However, foreign studies indicate that non- heterosexual individuals have a higher prevalence of substance use than heterosexual individuals.Furthermore, foreign authors state that the use of party drugs is becoming increasingly popular among men with a non- heterosexual orientation. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyze and describe the of the stimulants in the lives of men having sex with men. A qualitative research approach was chosen for the implementation of the research. The data were obtained through a semi- structured interview. Data analysis was performed using the formula capture method and the bunching method. The results are divided into four categories. The results show that the men most often use MDMA and cocaine in an dance party environment. In terms of frequency of use, they are most often among recreational users. The motivation for use is usually the get a positive experience. The results also show that the men partake in chemsex. Furthermore, the results show that men perceive a sense of control over use and do not have perceive thoughs about using during the work week, when they do not use. The results...
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Options possible use of methylphenidate as a substitution substance in addiction to methamphetamine
Petrlová, Ivana ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Minařík, Jakub (referee)
Methamphetamine is currently a leading addictive substance abused by problem drug users on the Czech drug scene. The number of problem drug users of methamphetamine accounts for approximately 73 % of all problem drug users and most of them use methamphetamine for injection. There is no approved effective pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine addiction worldwide. A major benefit for users of methamphetamine due to their number and risks that problem and injecting drug use bring could be substitution treatment such as opiate addiction. Even though there are a few doctors in the Czech republic, who prescribe amphetamine-type drugs to patients diagnosed by F15.2. as a substitution substances, no substance is widely accepted and extended. One of those compounds is methylphenidate hydrochloride known under the trade names Ritalin® and Concerta® .The possibilities of using these substances will be dealt with in my bachelor thesis. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to map out up-to-date knowledge of the use of methylphenidate as a substitution substance in addiction to methamphetamine and describing the possibilities of its potential use for substitution therapy. The bachelor thesis has a research character and works with monographs, published articles and clinical studies dealing with the given issue. The...
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Use of Nutritional Supplements in Individual Sport Sectors
Weiser, Martin ; Hájková, Jana (advisor) ; Svobodová, Irena (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to determine, which nutritional supplements are selected by athletes of strength and endurance sports branches and what is the reason for their option. The theoretical part characterizes the 8 selected sports sector from point of view of the sport performance structure. There is also mentioned the issue of nutritional supplements, their division, legislation or general recommendations for the use in sport. The last chapter deals with the requirements for the use of nutritional supplements in different periods with respect to the branche of sport. Research part has specifically determined the nutritional strategy for athletes in the field of mentioned food supplements at strength and endurance-oriented sports disciplines by using the questionnaire. The research is supported by an interview with an expert nutritionist and sports through collaboration with the staff of the Centre for Sports of the Ministry of Interior
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Abuse of illegal drugs by student of University of South Bohemia
PLACHÁ, Markéta
The thesis research the frequency of illegal drugs use by student sof Univerzity of South Bohemia in the Czech Budějovice. In the theoretical part are characterized by drugs, illegal drugs and the effects of drug use on health, describes the emergence of drug addiction and its types and developmental stages of drug use. Furthermore, illegal drugs are divided into categories according to their effects and further described. The main aim of the practical part is the analysis of illegal drug use by students of the University of South Bohemia. On the basis of a questionnaire compiled data was found and it was statistically analyzed by the method, compares and conclusions were drawn. Over the past year have used an illegal drug 37.83% of respondents, that 2.91% of the respondents use illegal drugs daily. Earlier experience with illegal drugs has 18.78% of students of the University of South Bohemia. Past experience with drugs is more common in women, while use in the last year is much more common in men. The most commonly used substances are cannabinoids, as well as hallucinogens, opiates and finally stimulanci.
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