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Diachronic lexicographic analysis of the semantic field of the character properties.
LEPEŠKOVÁ, Klára
The subject of the final thesis is the problematics of the microstructure development in dictionaries from a diachronic point of view. Its aim is to determine how the microstructures has been changed on the basis of the analysis of certain lemmas of the semantic field of the character properties. The final thesis contains theoretical chapters that introduce the basic terms and inform about the structure of dictionaries and about the use of semantics in the field of lexicography. The theoretical knowledge is supported by the analyses of the microstructure development and word meaning transformation. These analyses has shown the concrete ways of the word meaning transformation as well as the ways of microstructure development in practice. The results of these analyses are summarized in the conclusion and the Spanish résumé forms the last part of the final thesis. The final thesis is written in Czech.
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Interlingual Russian and Czech homonymy within nominal parts of speech
Rajchert, Natalia ; Rajnochová, Natalie (advisor) ; Nyklová, Ljudmila (referee)
The topic of the following Bachelor thesis is concerned with Russian-Czech interlingual homonymy research within the system of nominal parts of speech (theoretical and practical analysis of the above mentioned languages). In the thesis we give a claffication of interlingual homonyms and analyse the linguistic processes leading to semantic contradictions within the words of the same origin. For fulfilling the tasks stated we use literature written in Russian and Czech. Key words: homonymy, Czech homonymy, Russian homonymy, nominal parts of speech, linguistic process, semantic field, word meaning, comparative method, descriptive method, Czech national corpora, Russian national corpora
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Development of vocabulary in early school age children
Fojtíčková, Eva ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (advisor) ; Filippová, Eva (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the issue of ontogenesis of speech of children at preschool age. The first part of thesis presents theoretical basics from the field of developmental psycholinguistics. The theoretical part deals with the standard development of children's vocabulary and approaches to speech adoption, with aspects that influence the ontogenesis of speech and finally with deviations from a prevalent standard that are connected with handicaps. The first part also presents questionnaires that discover the degree of children's vocabulary. This part refers in detail to findings about children's speech at the age of 6 - 8. In practical part of this thesis active and passive vocabulary of children attending the 1st to 3rd grade of primary school is tested. The intact children and children with specific learning and behavioral disabilities and a child with Cerebral Palsy were tested in the survey. For the purpose of this thesis a pictorial test including 15 pictures was created. It contains particular nouns from different semantic categories. Key words: children speech, preschool period, phase of progress, passive and active vocabulary, semantic field, synonym, ontogenesis of speech and communication, learning disabilities, Cerebral Palsy, disability
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A contrastive study of hyperbole in Czech and English. A corpus-based study
Macháčková, Anežka ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
The aim of this study is to compare and contrast the use of hyperbole or exaggeration in spoken Czech and English language. The research is based on comparative approach to two samples accounting for 100 hyperbolic instances in Czech and 100 instances of hyperbole in English. The Czech sample has been randomly excerpted from the oral part of the Czech National Corpus ORAL2008, whereas the English sample has been randomly excerpted from the "spoken context-govern" and "spoken demographic" sections of The British National Corpus. The two samples are subject to analysis. Firstly, the formal realization of hyperbole is examined. Secondly, the occurrences are classified semantically (quantitative versus qualitative hyperbole) and, thirdly, the lexico-semantics is examined (hyperbolic source domains). By this, the present study tests the hypothesis of universal hyperbolic source domains by examining the situation in Czech and English. Finally, the occurrence of conventionalized instances of hyperbole as opposed to creative instances of hyperbolic nonce-usages is examined. Last but not least, it is the aim of this study to provide the overall frequency figures of hyperbole in both languages.
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Semantic characteristics of paremias with key word "water" (an attempt at comparative analysis within Russian and Czech)
Kipchatov, Mikhail ; Kedron, Katerina (advisor) ; Rajnochová, Natalie (referee)
The bachelor thesis describes semantic specifics of the Czech and Russian paremias which include "water" as a key word. The aim of the thesis is to discover similarities and differences among paremias which incorporate the "water" component formally. The main methods displayed in the following thesis are comparative and semantic analysis. In Part 1 the main group of paremias (proverbs and sayings) problematics is described, as well as their interaction with other types of fixed expressions (phrasemes, idioms, adages etc.). Part 2 contains two classifications one of which is based on semantic properties of the "water" component; the classification includes the most typical oppositions within which the component is realised in Czech and Russian. The second classification of paremias with key word "water" is founded on the theory of semantic fields (taxa).
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