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Development of fortified gluten-free cereals for specific nutrition
Dohnalová, Radka ; Fialová, Lenka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis was focused on the development of enriched gluten-free cereals for special nutrition. The fortified cereal product included processed microbial biomass, either as a freeze-dried powder or as an extract, for which the phenolic content, antioxidant content and protein content were determined. The theoretical part includes findings from professional literature on gluten-free cereals, pseudocereals and their chemical composition. Subsequently, a review on microalgae and yeasts was prepared including a list of their metabolites. The literature search focused on green microalgae and carotenogenic yeasts. In the experimental part, the characterization of the selected pseudocereals and optimization of the prepared extracts of the selected microalgae and carotenogenic yeast were firstly carried out. The selected pseudocereals were amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa. The green microalgae strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the carotenogenic yeast strain Cystofilobasidium macerans were selected for enrichment of the pseudocereals. Carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, -glucans, gluten, vitamins, phenolic substances, flavonoids and antioxidants were determined in the pseudocereals. Total fatty acids, lipophilic substances, phenolic substances and total antioxidant activity were detected in the microbial biomass. Finally, mixed cereal products were prepared from pseudocereal flour, microbial biomass and microbial extract. The cytotoxicity of the selected extracts was determined by MTT assay. It was found that the addition of algal biomass alone or algal extract to cereal flours resulted in a significant increase in protein. The yeast ethanol extract increased the phenolic and antioxidant content of the cereal products.
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Mechanisms of natural resistance of quinoa to abiotic stresses
Cíza, Marek ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Quinoa is traditionally grown crop originating from areas adjacent to Andean Mountains in South America, where it is grown by local native population for over 5000 years. Its extraordinal resistance to abiotic stresses as salinity, drought or frost, along with quite exceptional nutritional qualities of the seed, earned it the designation "supercrop" and the year 2013 was even announced by the FAO organization as the International Year of Quinoa. The main aim of this thesis is to identify the main mechanisms responsible for quinoa resistance to frost, salinity and drought. Marginally, this work also focuses on reaction of quinoa against an attack of most common fungal pathogen and also on different sensitivity of quinoa varieties towards the lenght of photoperiods, which are two important factors in expanding the cultivation of quinoa outside the original area.
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Možnosti výroby piva z netradičních surovin
Valentová, Natalie
The literary part of the diploma thesis deals with traditional raw ma-terials, special malts and non-traditional raw materials for beer producti-on and beer production as such. Furthermore, the production of beers from non-traditional raw materials in the world. The experimental part is devoted to the description of the production of own beers from non-traditional malts (amaranth, chickpeas, sorghum, buckwheat, quinoa) and their chemical analysis by HPLC and Fermen-toFlash. In the next part a method of sensory analysis was described, and the results were then shown using radar charts. In the results and discussion section these analyzes are statistically processed and evaluated for the mutual dependence of the substances from the chemical analysis on the sensory characteristics of the individu-al products.
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Význam pseudocereálií ve výživě české populace
Šišmová, Barbora
The study „The importance of pseudocereals in the nutrition of Czech population“ is focused on the characteristics of cereals and pseudocereals, their chemical composition, nutritional value and effects on the human organism. It describes the possibilities of their technological processing and the resulting products from selected types of pseudocereals.
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Využití merlíku chilského - quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) v potravinářství
Křivánková, Kateřina
Bachelor thesis "The use of chilean merlot - quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild) in food industry" deals about its history, cultivating, variety and contained substances. Next, there are described diverse ways of using quinoa in food industry and its positive effects at health. Thanks to the high nutritious value, quinoa is called superfood, which NASA investigate as a suitable food for astronauts. Bitter saponins also contained in seeds make problems, they are needed to be removed before using. Quinoa comes from the South America, but it is possible to grow it in the Czech Republic, too. The most suitable is the Danish variety TITICACA. In a practical part of this thesis, the research of market in shops of „health nutrition“ is evaluated. It has been accomplished by means of questionnaires, which were filled by owners of inquired salesrooms. There are offered red, white and black seeds in a market. The white seeds are the most salable. It is possible also to buy flakes, flour and next products containing quinoa.
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Influence of environment and genotype on accumulation of selected antioxidants in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) =: Vliv prostředí a genotypu na akumulaci vybraných antioxidantů u merlíku chilského – quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) /
Granda Cruz, Leiter
The homogeneity of crops used for human nutrition is the reason why diets often do not meet the requirements for a nutritionally balanced food and can cause health problems. Because of that, more studies should be carried out in order to clarify nutritional aspects of underutilized crops or varieties and encourage their consumption. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), for example, contains several compounds whose functional properties can improve nutritional quality of human diet. Thus, the content of selected compounds - vitamins and antioxidants - was determined in seeds of several quinoa varieties and compared with selected varieties of barley and wheat. Target analytes - vitamin E isomers, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined using a commercial set based on the inhibition of the reaction of colour complex formation. Grain characteristics were obtained using imaging techniques. The content of target analytes was evaluated in the seeds of six quinoa genotypes grown in two different localities in the Czech Republic (Žabčice and Olomouc). At the same time, the ability of these varieties to adapt for growing conditions was assessed. The quinoa genotypes revealed a wide range of the content of monitored substances, depending on environmental conditions. Small-scale experiments with the "Titicaca" variety carried out in the Czech Republic enabled the specification of several recommendations for quinoa breeding described in this paper. The results unambiguously demonstrated the potential of quinoa use for overall improvement of human diet quality and further confirmed the effect of different genotypes and growth conditions on the content of functional substances in quinoa, as well as the assumptions of adaptation possibilities of some of its varieties to mild climatic conditions.
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Comparison of Czech and world superfoods
Soldánová, Lucie ; Vojáček, Jan (advisor) ; Slimáková, Margit (referee)
v angličtině k bakalářské práci na téma "Srovnání českých a zahraničních superpotravin" ,Lucie Soldánová, Karlova Univerzita, 1. lékařská fakulta, obor Nutriční terapeut. This bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of superfoods and aims to discover how our crops differ from those from abroad. The work consists of a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of my thesis, I firstly analyze five most well known foreign (avocado, soy, goji, chia seeds and quinoa) and Czech (various seeds, poppy seeds, walnuts, blueberries and vegetable juices) superfoods. Then I compare them on four levels- a nutritional, economical, ecological and ethical one. In the practical part I asked several questions related to the problematics of superfoods and with the use of sent out questionnaires investigated whether people know superfoods, what is their opinion on them, if they buy them and whether they think about their origin and deeper problematics of the import of exotic crops. I discovered that more than 75 percent of those questioned are aware of superfoods. Whole 40 percent of people were somewhat sceptical of these foods and only 18,5 percent expressed full trust in them. Almost 73 percent of respondents buy superfoods at least once a week, which reflects their more frequent consumption, while the...
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Dietitians attitude toward chosen modern food products
Novák, Ondřej ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to ascertain view of dietitians on "superfoods" promoted through the media. The thesis consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is supported by foreign scholarly articles and clinical studies and is focusing on characteristics of five specific examples of "superfoods" (chia seeds, quinoa, goji berries, acai and cocoa beans). Each of these foods is examined primarily in terms of chemical composition, content of most significant substances and their prospective effect on human health. The practical part is focused on dietitians and their opinion on "superfoods". This part includes survey with the aim to answer the questions whether the dietitians have cognizance of "superfoods", if they recommend them in their practice and what is their opinion on this kind of food. Data evaluation is illustrated in graphs which concluded that "superfoods" are acknowledged by 90, 9% of asked dietitians and specific examples evaluated in this thesis are acknowledged by more than a half of respondents. In their practice the "superfoods" are recommended by 41, 7% of respondents and their opinion can be evaluated only from certain points of view therefore the attitude towards "superfoods" cannot be clearly determined as positive or negative. Only 10, 4% of respondents...
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Mechanisms of natural resistance of quinoa to abiotic stresses
Cíza, Marek ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Quinoa is traditionally grown crop originating from areas adjacent to Andean Mountains in South America, where it is grown by local native population for over 5000 years. Its extraordinal resistance to abiotic stresses as salinity, drought or frost, along with quite exceptional nutritional qualities of the seed, earned it the designation "supercrop" and the year 2013 was even announced by the FAO organization as the International Year of Quinoa. The main aim of this thesis is to identify the main mechanisms responsible for quinoa resistance to frost, salinity and drought. Marginally, this work also focuses on reaction of quinoa against an attack of most common fungal pathogen and also on different sensitivity of quinoa varieties towards the lenght of photoperiods, which are two important factors in expanding the cultivation of quinoa outside the original area.
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Study of the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in higher plants
Škrletová, Denisa ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31; PEPC) is one of the carbon dioxide- fixing enzymes, which yields oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate and bicarbonate. Regulation of PEPC activity occurs at many levels. In addition to pH and concentration of activators and inhibitors, it is phosphorylation as well. Phosphorylation of PEPC causes a change of kinetic parameters, such as maximal reaction rate, sensitivity to activation or inhibition. Considering that, there is still little information like this about C3 plants and that regulation is in various plant species different, I have dealt with monitoring of the kinetic parameters and regulation possibilities of PEPC isolated from C3 plant sources (Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris). While the activity of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L. was decreased by alkaline phosphatase, the activity of PEPC from seeds of Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris was not affected by alkaline phosphatase. The affinity of PEPC from seeds Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris to the substrate PEP was higher than in the case of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L.. For PEPC from Cannabis sativa L. was found that the apparent dephosphorylation leads to decrease of sensitivity to the...
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