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The Importance of Assessing Nutritional Status in the Primary Prevention of Geriatric Frailty and Sarcopenia.
Vágnerová, Tereza ; Holcátová, Ivana (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee) ; Bužga, Marek (referee)
Aims: Based on the analysis of SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) data in the Czech Republic, map the current situation in the field of malnutrition and (geriatric) frailty diagnosis in primary care. To describe the prevalence of frailty and related nutritional disorders, including the factors influencing their occurrence in the Czech population 50+ and to assess lifestyle factors (physical activity and dietary habits) and awareness of this population of possible available intervention strategies for the above described diseases. Methods: The analysis included the results of the CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) primary questionnaire common to all participating countries and the National Written Questionnaire developed exclusively for the Czech Republic. For the National Written Questionnaire I designed a special module D, "Nutrition" summarizing questions related to dietary habits, nutritional care and nutritional literacy. Standardly used and validated scales and dg. criteria (SHARE FIt, SHARE FIx, FRAIL Scale, MST, GLIM criteria, BMI and hand-grip test) were used to assess the prevalence of frailty, malnutrition, obesity and sarcopenic obesity, which are not part of the CAPI primary questionnaire assessment. Modified scales of the EURO-D score, Beck Anxiety...
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Malnutrition in geriatric clinical practice
Matoušková, Tereza ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Michálková, Helena (referee)
Introduction to the problem: Malnutrition is a prevalent disease in the geriatric population. Currently, there are several types of classification and assessment of malnutrition according to MKN-10, ESPEN, and GLIM. Based on the severity of the diagnosis, it is always necessary to proceed immediately to appropriate therapy that will improve patients' overall health and also lead to an improvement in their quality of life. Aims of the study and research questions: The first goal is to evaluate the nutritional status of patients based on the nutritional screening, MMSE test results, laboratory examination, and dietary intake in the first three days of hospitalization. The second goal is to assess the nutritional status of patients identified in nutritional screening tests, such as MNA and SNAQ, at risk of malnutrition or already in a state of malnutrition using the GLIM diagnostic criteria. To better evaluate both objectives of the study, five research questions were formulated: 1. How many respondents had a normal nutritional status, were in a state of malnutrition, or were at risk of malnutrition? 2. What was the specificity and sensitivity of each nutritional screening compared to the GLIM diagnostic criteria? 3. Did malnutrition and malnutrition-risk respondents have worse laboratory index...
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The role of sipping in the nutritional support of geriatric patients
Ondrová, Ellen ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Mádlová, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: Malnutrition is a significant problem in old age. Malnutrition is present in 30 - 70 % of hospitalized elderly and its consequences are severe. Systematic screening and early treatment are essential to ensure and maintain good health in the elderly and are an integral part of overall geriatric care. Nutritional support with sipping - oral nutriti- onal supplements (ONS) is one of the basic approaches in the management of malnutriti- on in geriatric patients. Aim of the thesis: The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the intake of sipping in geri- atric patients and to monitor possible pitfalls in its use. To answer the main objective, four research questions were set to provide the following answers: 1. What proportion of the total energy intake (CEP) of a patient is from diet and from sipping, and how does gender and age affect energy intake from sipping ? 2. What proportion does dietary and sipping protein make up of the patient's prescribed intake? 3. Will the diet, including sipping, cover the patient's energy and protein needs? 4. Will patients drink their prescribed dose of sipping, and will certain factors such as education by the nutritional therapist and ability to eat affect the patient's in- take of sipping? Research methods: Quantitative research in the form of data...
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Nutrition during home hemodialysis treatment
Fialová, Petra ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Dusílková, Nina Borisovna (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Nutrition of patients treated with home haemodialysis" deals with the analysis of diet and eating habits of patients treated with home haemodialysis. The aim of the thesis is to show that patients treated with home haemodialysis can follow a more moderate dietary restriction, thrive better and lead an active life. In the theoretical part I discuss the types of dialysis and their principles, complications of dialysis treatment, quality of life of dialysis patients and last but not least nutrition in different stages of kidney disease and dialysed patients. In the practical part, I based the results on structured questionnaires containing 20 questions and a detailed weekly menu. All 5 dialysis patients of the dialysis centre who are treated by home haemodialysis participated in the quantitative survey. The results of the survey showed that patients perceive a difference in their diet compared to conventional dialysis, with 60% of patients saying that they do not have to restrict themselves as much and 40% of patients even saying that they do not restrict themselves at all. Patients report these differences mainly in the amount of beverages, vegetables and fruits consumed. During the research, patients had normal laboratory results, felt better, experienced less fatigue and led a...
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Nutritional status of patients with acute leukemia during the oncological treatment
Kupilíková, Veronika ; Šťastná-Marková, Markéta (advisor) ; Křížová, Jarmila (referee)
Acute leukemia is defined as a heterogeneous group of malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which nutritional disorders occur in patients with acute leukemia during the cancer treatment, their severity, the most common causes of weight loss, and the extent to which different forms of nutritional intervention are applied in patients. The research was carried out in the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, during the hospitalization of patients in the inpatient ward, intensive care unit and transplant unit. The study population consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia. Outcomes from nutritional status screening (MNA questionnaire, BMI, weight, mid arm circumference, calf circumference, BIA, biochemical nutritional parameters), and functional assessment (ECOG PS, Chair-stand test, Hand grip test) were used to process the practical part and answer the research questions. Measurements were performed twice with approximately one month intervals. The study confirmed weight loss since the onset of the disease in 95 % of patients. The dominant cause of weight loss was identified in 80 % as lack of appetite. Nutritional screening by MNA evaluated the patient population with a mean score of 22,8 ± 2,9, referring to the risk...
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Alcoholic malnutrition and work with that issue in individual institutions in Czech republic
Šimonková, Eva ; Ryšánková, Marie (advisor) ; Ševela, Stanislav (referee)
Czech people are the leaders in alcohol consumption in Europe and in the whole world. Chronic consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol has a negative impact on the entire organism. Ethanol increases mucosal permeability, changes intestinal motility and disrupts water and electrolyte absorption. Its consumption affects the absorption of essential and non-essential amino acids. Last but not least, alcohol consumption causes a liver damage. Due to a nutrient absorption disorder combined with a lack of quality food, which alcoholics often replace with alcohol, chronic alcoholics are prone to protein-energy malnutrition, lack of vitamins, minerals and selected trace elements. Inadequate nutrition is a predictor to higher morbidity and mortality in chronic alcohol users, especially if they suffer from liver disease as a result of alcohol abuse. The aim of the work was to find out how experts in the Czech Republic take care of the nutritional status of their patients. If and how is malnutrition diagnosed and treated, and whether experts see the point of nutritional care for the alcoholics, especially in terms like a preventing the onset and progression of liver disease, and what is the potential difference between psychiatric facilities and gastroenterology departments. The research showed that the...
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Patients tolerance of sipping in a hospital facility (quantity, product type, duration of administration, flavors)
MRAČNOVÁ, Karolína
The bachelor thesis entitled "Tolerance of sipping in patients in a hospital facility (amount, type of preparation, duration of administration, flavours)" is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The main objective of the bachelor thesis was to map the tolerance of sipping in patients in a hospital setting and to further assess the reasons why sipping is not tolerated in some patients. The theoretical part focuses on malnutrition, nutritional status examination, enteral nutrition and oral nutritional supplements. The practical part focused on mapping the tolerance of sipping in patients in the internal medicine and oncology wards. How well the respondents tolerated sipping in terms of duration of use, flavour, type of product and quantity was investigated. A quantitative method in the form of a self-constructed questionnaire was used for the study. The practical part includes the analysis of the questionnaire data and the analysis of the diets from several patients. The data obtained were processed using Microsoft Excel and Nutriservis Professional. From the analyzed data, it was found that approximately 1/3 of the respondents did not tolerate sipping well. These were mainly patients who had been taking the products for less than 7 days. Sipping was best tolerated by informants who were indicated to take 1-2 preparations per day. The majority of respondents had no favourite or disliked sipping flavours and therefore tolerability cannot be assessed regarding flavour. Among the respondents, the milk type preparation was the best tolerated. The most common reason for poor tolerance of sipping was its taste and, to a greater extent, indigestion. Not being able to try multiple types of preparations and flavours from different companies also had an impact on poorer tolerability for some respondents. In addition, inadequate temperature and lack of familiarity of patients with the principles of proper sipping use may have had a negative impact on tolerance of product administration.
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Vývoj potravinové bezpečnosti ve vybraných zemích jihovýchodní Afriky
Hendrychová, Marcela
The diploma thesis deals with monitoring the development of food security in Malawi, Zimbabwe and Zambia. The specific criteria for the selection of three states were the HDI indicator and the geographical location of the selected states. Through individual indicators from different pillars of food security, the work evaluates the most significant factors that cause food insecurity in the monitored countries. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the basic facts and the background of the problem, contains an explanation of key terms and terms, and defines individual causes and consequences of food security at the level of selected countries. The work also describes the most used indicators measuring food safety. The practical part based on the development of monitored indicators (average protein intake; average protein intake of animal origin; prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity; prevalence of severe food shortage; percentage of the population using basic hygiene services; percentage of the population with access to drinking water; percentage of children under 5 years, suffering from stunting; prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age; variability of food production per person; political stability and absence of violence/terrorism) in the period 2009-2019 examines the factors that influenced changes in these indicators. In the work, it was found that the most important factors influencing the development of food security in the observed states of Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe are climatic conditions, political and economic situation, low education of the population and infectious diseases. These factors slow down the economic growth of countries and prevent growth from developing to developed countries and result in food insecurity and consequences.
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Theory and Practice in the Care of Patients with Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
NOVOTNÁ, Štěpánka
The bachelor thesis deals with the care of patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. It is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes enteral nutrition, malnutrition, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, and nursing care. The practical part includes processing and evaluation of the results obtained in the research investigation. Two objectives were set for the bachelor thesis. The first objective was to determine the level of knowledge in nursing care of the PEG patient. The second objective was to determine whether nurse working in the selected wards follow the procedures according to the standards of nursing care when treating PEG. To meet the objectives, a semi-structured interview was chosen which included twenty-three questions. Interviews were conducted with ten nurses in the internal medicine and oncology wards treating patients with PEG. The results support the fact that the level of education and length of experience influence the nursing care of the percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy patients. It was found that some probands do patient preparation before PEG insertion and patient care on day 1 of PEG insertion. The probands are able to administer nutrition, care for the puncture area and administer medications and fluids into the probe. Problems were encountered in suctioning of gastric contents and rotation of the cannula. Most probands adhere to the department 's standard and continue to educate themselves with the help of seminars, books, or the internet. Afterwards, the interviews revealed that probands mostly encountered complications such as redness around the puncture site or pulling out the PEG probe. It was also investigated how nurses record nursing care in the documentation and how they educate the family or the patient upon discharge to home care.
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