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Evaluation of marine alkaloid fascaplysin as a potential antithrombotic agent
Kolářová, Zuzana ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (advisor) ; Lomozová, Zuzana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Zuzana Kolářová Supervisor: PharmDr. Alejandro Carazo, Ph.D. Title of the diploma thesis: Evaluation of marine alkaloid fascaplysin as a potential antithrombotic agent Fascaplysin, a pentacyclic indole alkaloid isolated from marine sponge Fascaplysinopsis bergquist sp., is one of the agents of marine origin that is receiving increasing attention and for which significant advances have been made. Fascaplysin is being investigated for, among other things, antineoplastic properties, where fascaplysin shows promising biological effect as a kinase inhibitor. In this study, the potential antithrombotic properties of this substance, which have not yet been sufficiently investigated, were analysed. For this purpose, plasma from 10 healthy donors was used. Aggregation experiments were performed on an optical aggregometer using platelet-rich plasma prepared from blood. Collagen or arachidonic acid (AK) was used to induce aggregation with or without a pre-incubation with fascaplysin at various concentration ranges. Fascaplysin significantly inhibited platelet aggregation for both agents tested. Collagen induction was inhibited at a significantly lower concentration than AK. Fascaplysin also was not...
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Effect of POC Coagulopathy Management on Blood Coagulation and PGD in Lung Transplant Patients
Vajter, Jaromír ; Durila, Miroslav (advisor) ; Burša, Filip (referee) ; Szárszoi, Ondrej (referee)
Effect of Point-of-Care Management of Coagulopathy on Blood Clot Strength and Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplant Recipients Abstract in English: Introduction: The key factors negatively affecting the function of the graft during lung transplantation are bleeding, administration of transfusion products, and ischemic/reperfusion injury. Given that all these attributes represent a significant risk for the primary graft dysfunction development. It is desirable to have a sophisticated anesthesiological approach available that will reduce blood loss and consumption of transfusion products, thereby reducing the incidence of primary graft dysfunction (PGD). Methodology: This prospective, randomized study evaluated 67 patients from January 2018 to June 2020. We compared the outcomes of patients undergoing lung transplantation who were treated using a point-of-care (POC) approach aimed at targeted diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathy, combined with volumotherapy using 5% albumin, against traditional management based on clinical experience in the non-POC group. Results: In the POC group, there was a significant reduction in perioperative blood loss and the need for blood derivatives. Concurrently, we noted an improvement in lung graft function, reflected by higher Horowitz Index values. There was also an...
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The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation, and the effect of standard drugs.
Černotová, Veronika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Černotová Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Consultant: Lukáš Konečný, MSc. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation and the effect of standard drugs LDL-apheresis is a method that removes LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. It is used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic disorder causing high LDL-C levels and an early development of cardiovascular diseases. Blood platelets and coagulation system play an important role in these diseases and their activity is also affected by lipids. The aim of this thesis was to analyze possible differences in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in patients suffering from FH. Two methods of treatment in this group were compared - lipid apheresis and PCSK9Ab (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies). The observed parameters were also compared with age-matched healthy volunteers. Our cohort consisted of 15 patients and 15 healthy donors. Six patients were treated with lipid apheresis and also PCSK9Ab, six subjects only with PCSK9Ab. Platelet aggregation was measured with an impedance aggregometer using 7 different...
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Removal of different species of phytoplankton by dissolved air flotation
Sukopová, Martina ; Mega, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The work evaluates the efficiency of dissolved air flotation (DAF) in removal of various kinds of phytoplankton. As absolutely necessary in the process of water treatment proved the agglomeration phase, or coagulation and floculation. This phase neutralizes the particles so that they can fasten air bubbles. The efficiency of this process depends on several variables, though: the kind of coagulant used, dose, coagulation pH, duration of floculation and its intensity, recycle ratio and the polymer use in coagulation. The particle size volume distribution and the volume of organic matter in raw water also have certain influence on phytoplankton removal. Dissolved air flotation is currently the most suitable method of phytoplankton removal. It can remove 93-98 % of blue-green algae and even 99-99.9 % of algae. The efficiency of flotation was also compared to sedimentation for the economic reason. In the process of water treatment, the sedimentation is now being replaced by flotation.
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Optimization of the coagulation procedure for wastewater treatment
Švábová, Martina ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the optimization of the determination of the chemical oxygen demand in the test tubes and the optimization of the coagulation process for the external company. COD is one of the basic analysis for all types of water, although there are numerous environmentally-unfriendly agents in case of using a standard version produced. Therefore, an alternative method of using the test tubes was used, the procedure of which has been modified from ČSN ISO 15705 and is now available to the public. The aim was also to optimize the coagulation process in the treatment of wastewater from an industrial paintshop. The minimum dose of coagulating agent occurring in the instructions for usage was disproved and the pH value at which aluminium sulfate as a coagulating agent was proposed.
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Operational and Technical Condition of Separation Equipment in Water Treatment Plants
Pešout, Jakub ; Roh, Robert (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The goal of this thesis was to determine the operational and technical parameters of the separation objects in water treatment. The first part is a theoretical and provides basic information on this issue. The second part contains the evaluation criteria created by the obtained information for individual objects and gained in practice by personal visits of selected treatment plants of water. In the last part we can find application of these criteria in water treatment in practice. There is also included the final evaluation of the researched condition.
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Removal of Selected Components from the Aquatic Environment by Coagulation Process
Měřínská, Zuzana ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Janda, Václav (referee) ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This thesis deals with coagulation treatment of surface water with content of humic matters, drug residues and turbidity. Commonly used coagulants (ferrous and aluminous sulphate) and natural biopolymer based on chitosan that not yet used in the Czech Republic had been studied. The aim of this work was to found the optimal application of chitosan in water treatment and comparison of its coagulation efficiency with standard inorganic coagulants. Theoretical part of the thesis contains occurrence, classification, composition, properties and importance of humic matters and drug residues and furthermore properties of chitosan and its using in water treatment. Experimental part summarizes the obtained results from the laboratory coagulation tests with inorganic coagulants and with chitosan leading to determination of its optimal dose. Other coagulation experiments were focused on finding the possibilities of combine the two coagulants (ferrous sulphate and chitosan) and to find their optimum doses and suitable ratio. The influence of pH on water treatment with using coagulation was also studied.
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Removal of micropolutants in drinking water treatment
Hambálková, Kateřina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
Intrusion of pharmaceuticals into surface and drinking water is nowadays a problem, that is solved all over the world. This diploma thesis is focused on the removal of pharmaceuticals from water by coagulation. The efficiency of two coagulant agents - chitosan and ferric sulphate was compared. For comparison was used adsorption on a granular-activated-carbon. Efficiency of removal was investigated by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and HPLC.
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Optimizing the use of sludge water on the water treatment plant
Hanušová, Veronika ; Hanousek, Jiří (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The first part of this diploma thesis deals with knowledge of chosen technological devices in water treatment plants gathered from Czech and foreign literature. The thesis continues by linking the information gathered to the water treatment plant in Švařec for which a plan to increase the sludge water volume reuse was researched and formed. Furthermore, financial assessment of this plan was completed.
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