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Perceptions of climate change and environmental migration in Kenya: the analysis of Afrobarometer data
Přikryl, Šimon ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Masná, Eliška (referee)
Abstracts: Climate migration is one of the most discussed topics in political, media, and public discourse. In recent years, there has been a major paradigm shift in climate migration research. Increasingly, there has been a move away from "top-down" approaches using climatological and meteorological data, with the predictions of these analyses often overestimating the importance of climate in migration decision-making, to a so-called "bottom-up" approach dealing with climate perceptions and subjective factors entering the migration decision- making process. This bachelor thesis is mainly based on the latter paradigm and deals with the complex relationships between key factors (variables) entering into the individual migration decision-making process. It also examines regional variations in these variables within Kenyan provinces. The research findings, based on the statistical analysis of data for 1,600 respondents from the Afrobarometer organization, support the presumption that examining subjective perceptions of environmental change is vital in environmental and climate migration research, and that a number of socio-economic characteristics enter the migration decision-making process in the context of the climate migration. Keywords: Kenya; climate perception; climate change; migration; sub-Saharan Africa
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Drought stress response of European beech seedlings monitored using physiological and optical indicators.
Červenka, Ondřej ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Gebauer, Roman (referee)
One of the manifestations of global climate change is an increase in extreme temperatures and drought waves, while forecasts of future development indicate deepening negative impacts. The effect of these abiotic stress factors is reflected in the physiological state of the vegetation. It is therefore necessary to find suitable stress indicators that will help detect the worsening of physiological state of vegetation in time series. Indicators can be detected not only by physiological methods, but also optical ones, for further use of vegetation monitoring by remote sensing methods. Forest beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a native tree in our context, currently widely used in forestry for planting more species-varied communities of trees that are more resistant to the effects of climate change. The aim of the thesis was to study the responses of beech to drought stress using physiological and optical indicators. Beech seedlings (planting material from the nursery) were placed in containers in the experimental greenhouse for two experimental seasons, water supply was mediated by drip irrigation. The experimental material was divided into three groups with graded irrigation (control, moderate drought and drought). The watering regime consisted of three periods of drought and recovery phases with uniform,...
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Physiological status of young silver fir on stands with different microclimate using biochemical, and optical needle traits.
Kabilková, Eva ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Pokorný, Radek (referee)
Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is a candidate tree species in the process of forest transformation especially of spruce monoculture stands (Picea Abies (L.) H. Karst.), thanks to its better growth characteristics in conditions of mild drought. However, fir, as a very shade tolerant tree, may be more susceptible to various abiotic stressors in more open forest canopies, and therefore it is necessary to study its ecological requirements in connection with the most effective possible application in forestry. In this thesis, the physiological state of young fir stands affected by different light microclimatic conditions, which were represented by different types of forest regeneration, was studied. Specifically, it is shelter-wood cut, which represents the likely highest degree of shading by mature trees, then natural regeneration under sparse canopy, gap cut and small clear cut, which represent a moderate degree of shading by mature trees, and last but not least, clear cut, which represents the lowest degree of shading. Physiological status was evaluated using biochemical and optical properties of the needles, and additional microclimatic conditions of the habitats, namely temperature and soil moisture, were also evaluated. Our results showed that the used biochemical and optical properties of the...
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How to reduce overheating in Czech towns and village
Hermanová, Veronika ; Kučerová, Zdeňka (referee) ; Pavlovský, Tomáš (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to point out raising temperature and climate changes in towns and villages in the Czech Republic. It focuses on the impact of climate changes on health of population as well as impact on public places. It analyses and proposes all possible conceptual solutions to support sustainable development and reduction of the climate impact. The target is to indicate measures of help to nature that will navigate to positive response on the climate changes on streets and public places to achieve comfortable living in the build-up area. Part of the bachelor thesis is personal proposal for the modification of the given public space in the town of Valasske Mezirici, to which individual measures are specifically projected.
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Study of runoff conditions in selected sub-basins of the Oskava River
Gogela, Martin ; Pavlík, František (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
The subject of this bachelor thesis was to prepare data in the arcmap program, then to prepare an analysis of the area of interest. Based on this analysis, to find the critical profiles and determine the flood wave characteristics for their catchment area. These characteristics are processed using the DesQ program. Based on the climate change, the flood wave characteristics for the critical points' catchments were calculated for a design rainfall that simulates the projected condition in 2050. Furthermore, a design of measures for the area of interest was carried out. This design was compared using the flood wave characteristics and its effectiveness for the current and future condition was evaluated.
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The EU Emissions Trading System and its contribution to climate protection
Kaiserová, Veronika ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
This thesis deals with the European Union Emissions Trading System. The EU ETS, abbreviated from EU Emissions Trading System, serves as a tool for reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the air, operating on the polluter pays principle and economically motivating the actors concerned to act more environmentally friendly. It is one of the most important instruments for combating climate change and plays a key role in the European Union's efforts to achieve its climate policy and sustainability objectives. The first part of the thesis deals with the legal sources that regulate this issue. First, it briefly introduces the most important international conventions that laid the basis for further cooperation between states in environmental protection. The EU regulations are then elaborated in more detail, mainly in the form of directives and regulations, which constitute the legal basis of the EU ETS itself and further modify it. Finally, the thesis briefly discusses the legal acts in Czech Republic. The next part of the thesis deals with the EU ETS as such. First, the development of the system, which has undergone numerous changes in its almost twenty years of operation, is outlined in individual subchapters. The thesis then looks at the allocation of individual emission allowances, the areas of...
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Study of the European green lizard, Lacerta viridis, and ecologically interconnected reptile species in the Czech Republic
Chmelař, Jan ; Rehák, Ivan (advisor) ; Vojar, Jiří (referee) ; Moravec, Jiří (referee)
The European green lizard, Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768), is protected in the Czech Republic as critically endangered. Its distribution in the Bohemia region is restricted to small isolated local populations which are located beyond the northern border of continuous range of the species and are closely related to very specific biotopes. We analysed the distribution of the species both on a national and microhabitat scale and created a predictive model of the species distribution. The most relevant factors influencing the species distribution in the Czech Republic were: annual precipitation, terrain slope, average temperature of the warmest quarter and precipitation in the coldest quarter. On the microhabitat level, individuals selected their immediate vicinity with respect to elevated stones/tree stumps, shelter availability and a proximity to shrubs. Places with high percentage of grass and high vegetation were not preferred. Furthermore, we analysed distribution of selected reptile species ecologically interconnected with Lacerta viridis and identified their preferred habitats. We selected the dice snake, Natrix tessellata, the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis and the smooth snake, Coronella austriaca. All created models are compatible with published data and are applicable in both theory and...
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Sustainable production capabilities of territory, depending on climatic drought.
Skůpová, Jana ; Uhrová,, Jana (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
In this work, I dealt with the repercussion of drought on agriculture and land in the cadastral Jinošov. For this area, I analyzed the erosion and ratio of outflow. I also conducted a proposal of adaptation measures against erosion and water retention in the area. In conclusion, I analyzed withholding data and assessed the retention before and after the proposal of adaptation measures. The result of my work is finding that rainfall is inadequate and largely come out of the growing season, that despite all the measures fail to create on the necessary retention for the correct functioning of the landscape. Therefore it is necessary to solve water supply from other areas where is sufficient supply of water.
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Analysis of erosion and runoff conditions in a selected catchment areas
Pavliš, Jaroslav ; Uhrová,, Jana (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
The subjekt of this Bachelor thes is was to develop ananalytic alanalysis of erosion and run off conditions in certain sub-basins. The analysis is performed in the area of interest, which consist soft he cadastral areas of Lubná u Poličky, Sebranice u Litomyšle, Kamenec u Poličky, Polička (Střítež), Lezník and Široký Důl. Erosion run off and run off conditions were analyzed on the basis of a total of 16 variants including the use off ivecomputational algorithms for factor L and S, culent state, chmate chase affecting factor R and K, and variol agrotechnical and organizational measures affecting factor ca P. For presentation of map and computational The ArcGIS program was used for the results of erosion and the Desq program was used for run off conditions, where the mutual data processing was enabled by the USLE 2D program. These results can then determine possible protective anti-erosion measures against property damage, which would be part of a comprehensive landscaping.
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