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Floodplain mollusc fauna of the lower Elbe and its tributaries -its history, ecology and changes induced by invasion plant species
Horáčková, Jitka ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pokorný, Petr (referee) ; Čejka, Tomáš (referee)
The molluscs are very suitable model of invertebrate group for ecological and palaeoecological studies for their specific traits. In the first part of the thesis, we showed based on available fossil mollusc successions that development of the floodplain mollusc fauna took place quite different way in various river floodplains, depending on their specifics and geographical location, because especially the ones situated in the chernozem area of the Czech Republic had very different history. Detailed processing of five fossil mollusc successions in the lower Ohře River floodplain confirmed the impoverishment of recent forest malacofauna does not relate to natural processes only (chapters 3 and 10), but it arises from historical development of this area which was under permanent stress of the human settlement and agricultural utilization (chapter 1) since the coming of the Neolithic people. We made similar conclusions in case of another 11 fossil mollusc successions in the neighbouring České Středohoří Mts. (chapter 2). In the second part of the thesis (chapter 3), we investigated the ecological patterns responsible for species richness and composition of the floodplain mollusc fauna are especially the elevation and humidity gradient, and then vegetation type and its biomass, light conditions of the...
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Floodplain mollusc fauna of the lower Elbe and its tributaries -its history, ecology and changes induced by invasion plant species
Horáčková, Jitka
The molluscs are very suitable model of invertebrate group for ecological and palaeoecological studies for their specific traits. In the first part of the thesis, we showed based on available fossil mollusc successions that development of the floodplain mollusc fauna took place quite different way in various river floodplains, depending on their specifics and geographical location, because especially the ones situated in the chernozem area of the Czech Republic had very different history. Detailed processing of five fossil mollusc successions in the lower Ohře River floodplain confirmed the impoverishment of recent forest malacofauna does not relate to natural processes only (chapters 3 and 10), but it arises from historical development of this area which was under permanent stress of the human settlement and agricultural utilization (chapter 1) since the coming of the Neolithic people. We made similar conclusions in case of another 11 fossil mollusc successions in the neighbouring České Středohoří Mts. (chapter 2). In the second part of the thesis (chapter 3), we investigated the ecological patterns responsible for species richness and composition of the floodplain mollusc fauna are especially the elevation and humidity gradient, and then vegetation type and its biomass, light conditions of the...
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Vegetation regeneration after removal of invasive plants
Pojslová, Lucie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rumlerová, Zuzana (referee)
Invasive plants change local diversity and abundance of native plant species in the invaded area. However, changes are not visible only in vegetation, but also on single levels of abiotic and biotic characteristics of the invaded area. The aim of the thesis is not only to summarize current knowledge about the impact of invasive plants on vegetation, but also point out possible recovery of the vegetation and the direction of its succession after the removal of invasive plants. I present factors which limit the recovery of vegetation and types of management used for control of invasive species. I also describe biology, ecology and invasive history of fringed willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum spp. adenocaulon) which I want to use as a model plant for my future thesis. Finally, I mention experimental methods that are used for studying regeneration of invaded areas and the possibility of using invasive plants for regeneration of degraded soils.
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In-flight measurements of micro aerial vehicles
Málek, Ladislav ; Zikmund, Pavel (referee) ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with flight measurements on selected unmanned platforms within the project Detection and monitoring of invasive spieces using unmanned aircraft. Firstly, the project itself and the platform used are presented. The theoretical part is devoted to methods of measuring flight performance. Finally, thesis contains used measurement methodology, processing and evaluating of data.
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Food preferences of land snails in a river flood-plain invoved with invasive plants
Ševčíková, Štěpánka ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Čejka, Tomáš (referee)
Food preferences to five most widespread invasive plant species from river floodplains: Impatiens glandulifera, Helianthus tuberosus, Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis a F.x bohemica and one native species - U. dioica were studied on two common land snail species. Using three different methods I tried to recognize, whether or not these plants serve as a food source to Succinea putris and Urticicola umbrosus. From histological sectionsit was impossible to identify the plants. The majority of plants don`t provide structures usable for identification of plant in the snail maces. I was able to identify only H. tuberosus and U. dioica undoubtedly, thanks to trichomes. According to the results of laboratory tests, the most important factors for snails food preferences are plant species and the condition of plant material. U. umbrosus consumed much less fresh material than S. putris. Consumption of frozen leaves became larger for both species. The most preffered plant species were U. dioica and H. tuberosus. Only frozen I. glandulifera was consumed. Fallopia spp. were rejected both, fresh or frozen.
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Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities
Kubátová, Michaela ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Michaela Kubátová Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities This study is about problems and questions of alien plants and their relation to native communities in their new range. Ecologists are increasingly aware that soil organisms may affect plant communities because they are part of the processes that affect them. The soil organisms may affect the success of alien species invasion. Each species of plants differ in interaction with soil organisms, these interactions can result in specific feedback that will influence the future growth of other plants. According to Darwin's naturalization hypothesis related species should have similar enemies. This implies less successful invasion of alien plants at home with relatives. The practical part consists of two experiments. Using plant-soil feedback I studied under controlled conditions the importance of kinship of native plants and their soil organisms on the growth of three species of alien plants Impatiens, Parviflora, Stenactis annua and Epilobium ciliatum. There were used soil samples from localities with related and unrelated species; the soil was used as inoculums for growing first-generation plants, where there were original related, unrelated and alien plants. In the second phase only alien species were grown. Part of...
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Phenotypic plasticity and its role in plant invasions
Hlavička, Matěj ; Herben, Tomáš (advisor) ; Skálová, Hana (referee)
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of given genotype to produce different phenotypes as a response to environmental cues. Its capability of adaptive response draws an attention of invasion biologists. Although many studies have been performed, the true role of plasticity in an invasion process is still unclear. Comparative experiments suffer from several major constraints - insufficiency in revealing adaptive value of plastic response and uncertain linkage between plasticity and trait value. Further experiments could be focused to reaction norms of fitness instead of trait plasticity. Also, the interspecific interaction of plastic responses is definitely an underestimated mechanism and deserves far more attention than it does today. Possible implications of plant phenotypic plasticity in predicting future invasions require further reaserch.
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Geographical origin of alien plants in the Czech Republic
Kopicová, Irena ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The topic of the proposed thesis is the geographical origin of non-native species of plants in the Czech Republic and it deals with non-native plants while identifying their phyto- areas. The causes of introduction, plant characteristics as well as ecological consequences, gains and dangers for the biodiversity in the Czech Republic are also assessed. The thesis is divided into two parts with first part dealing with a theoretical introduction in a form of a literary research on the geographic origin of non-original species of higher plants in the Czech Republic. Here, the basic terminology is discussed and so are specific issues. A chapter dealing with neo-phytes contains also a subsection on invasive plants, where it was necessary to stress their potential threat to ecosystems. Second part is devoted to the application of the topic in the education of geography by creating a work sheet and by defining main terminology for high school students. The aim is to encourage students to think about which plants are important, where they come from and why and how they reached us. Likewise, it is important that students could reflex on how non- native plants may affect the ecosystem in which they had been introduced.
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Impacts of invasive plant species on European environment
Breburdová, Vendula ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The DAISIE project in the 6. framework program of the European Union provides valuable data about European invasive species. Invasive plants have various impacts, positive and negative, and effects all four types of ecosystem services (supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural). Invasive species are also known to cause serious economic looses. The proposed work aims at summarizing the up-to-date knowledge about the impact of invasive flora on European environment and human well-being. key words: invasive plants, impact, DAISIE, Europe, ecosystem services
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