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In vitro fertilization in horses
Müller, Filip ; Šušor, Andrej (advisor) ; Šimoník, Ondřej (referee)
Reproductive management in horse breeding increasingly relies on in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques. This technology entails a complex process, including the acquisition of immature oocytes, their in vitro maturation, fertilization with sperm, and subsequent cultivation of the early embryo before transfer into a synchronized recipient. However, the success of equine IVF is influenced by various factors such as oocyte quality, sperm capacitation, and technical issues unique to this process, compared to other mammalian models. This bachelor's thesis aims to summarize and evaluate current knowledge on IVF of horse eggs, identify key factors influencing success, and describe current procedures for gamete preparation. By incorporating the latest IVF approaches and optimizing them, a higher success rate can be achieved. Key aspects for improving equine IVF include gamete collection and handling, in vitro oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, and subsequent embryonic development.
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Study of intestinal transporters and their role in drug absorption
Huličiak, Martin ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee) ; Chládek, Jaroslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Training Workplace Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Doctoral Degree Program Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Martin Huliciak Supervisor Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Lukas Cerveny, PhD. Advisor PharmDr. Ivan Vokral, PhD. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study of intestinal transporters and their role in drug absorption Oral drug administration is a widely accepted method due to its convenience and cost- effectiveness, with the small intestine playing a crucial role in drug absorption, thus affecting bioavailability and serving as a potential site for drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Efflux drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), along with metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) at the intestinal barrier, significantly contribute to DDIs. Risk factors for DDIs include comorbidities, advanced age, and polypharmacotherapy. People living with HIV requiring antiretroviral therapy (ART) are particularly susceptible to DDIs, especially when co-infected with HCV. Antivirals, commonly used in ART and in the treatment of HCV infection, can interact with efflux transporters and CYP enzymes, affecting drug efficacy and safety. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the DDIs of...
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Vasculature models to study thrombolysis
Schildová, Veronika ; Ambrožová,, Gabriela (referee) ; Víteček, Jan (advisor)
The theoretical part of diploma thesis describes the cardiovascular system and focuses on hemostasis. This is a complex of events which maintain functional blood circulation. Hemostasis includes procoagulant processes responsible for elimination of bleeding as well as anticoagulant processes maintain blood fluidity. If there is an imbalance between procoagulation and anticoagulation, thromboembolic or bleeding diseases will occur. This work is focused on one of the most fatal diseases, ischemic stroke, and its treatment by thrombolytics. These are drugs that accelerate the degradation of the blood clot and the recanalization of the blood vessel. This thesis describes the comparison of the only thrombolytic approved for ischemic stroke – alteplase and its mutant tenecteplase. The experimental part is focused on various types of in vitro models to the study of thrombolysis. These are static model, microplate model, thrombus penetration into fibrin gel and sequestration. Such models are used to compare thrombolytics.
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In vitro model of the cardiovascular periphery
Michálek, Martin ; Zeman, Radek (referee) ; Kohút, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis focuses on modeling of peripheral vascular network in vitro. To achieve this purpose, 2-element Windkessel model is developed. Ball valve was used to achieve resistance and compliance chamber was constructed. Ball valve and compliance chamber were then used in a mock circulatory loop with peristaltic pump. When compliance 2,18 mlmmHg was achieved and ball valve was closed according to it, real values of pulse, systolic,diastolic and mean pressure in systematic arteries were obtained. Compliance chamber altered pulse pressure and valve adjusted mean pressure. Pressure and flow waveforms were measured and input impedance was calculated and shown.
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In vitro study of thrombolytic resistance in ischemic stroke
Hložánková, Anna ; Raptová, Petra (referee) ; Víteček, Jan (advisor)
Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. The most frequently used therapeutic approach in stroke treatment is enzymatic thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator – alteplase. Although alteplase is currently the only clinically approved thrombolytic for the treatment of ischemic stroke, its efficacy is limited. These limitations can be caused by several factors, including the structure and mechanical properties of the clot. The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is focused on ischemic stroke, its enzymatic therapy, and on the study of factors affecting thrombolytic efficacy. The practical part deals with in vitro preparation of structurally variable clots and the characterization of the effect of their structure on the efficacy of thrombolytic agents and the mechanical properties of clots.
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Virus eradication method by cryopreservation tool - a cryoknife
Bilavčík, A. ; Bobrova, O. ; Faltus, M. ; Fránová, Jana ; Hammond, S. ; Koloniuk, Igor ; Zámečník, J.
Currently, in the nursery production of plant material, emphasis is placed on the propagation of healthy material. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the topic of healthy virus-free nuclear stock when preserving collections of genetic resources of vegetatively propagated plants. Some raspberry viruses are difficult to remove from the plant host by existing methods of thermotherapy or chemotherapy. That is why, using the example of black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV), a comprehensive methodology for testing health status and cryotherapy in raspberry was developed. The resulting methodical procedure makes it possible to eradicate BRNV from raspberry using cryotherapy of in vitro cultures. The user of the methodology is the Ministry of Agriculture, which applies it as part of the 'National Program for the Conservation and Use of Genetic Resources of Plants, Animals and Microorganisms Important for Nutrition and Agriculture'.
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Deposition of inhaled particles in a model of child lungs
Čederle, Jakub ; Pokorný, Jan (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
This thesis presents a summary of research of deposition of inhaled particles in children’s respiratory system which was mainly conducted on realistic model of children's lungs. Experimental part introduces BUT model representing airways of 5-years-old child which served for measurements of regional deposition. Bachelor's thesis furthermore sums up basic knowledge of respiratory system and points out anatomical and physiological differences between children and adults in given field. There are described basic deposition mechanisms and their impact on aerosol therapy as well.
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Construction and evaluation of in vitro set of holes for chondrogenic differentiation of MSC cells
Kříž, Marek ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
Bachelor thesis concentrates on the cultivation of mesenchymal cells in vitro, damage to the articular cartilage and its replacement with the chondrogenic cells. The next section is devoted to each type of temperature control for heating and maintaining the temperature inside a closed system, the type of detector temperature and heating using the Peltier element. Assembly heater box, measuring the temperature profile inside the box with Labview program, control with Arduino platform, survival and differentiation of cells.
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Sun protection factors determination for cosmetic emulsions
Slechanová, Veronika ; Jugl, Adam (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the anatomy and physiology of the skin, ultraviolet rays, sunscreens and current methods used to measure the value of sun protection factor. One of the goals of the thesis is to get the overview of the UV filters currently widely used in cosmetic products and giving them the required protection against the sun. The obtained knowledge was subsequently used for the determination of the sun protection factors in selected sunscreens by in vitro methods. The measurement provided satisfying results comparable with the values given on the label of the tested products. However, it is still necessary to optimize the methodology even more in order to obtain data with lower deviations and especially with much higher reproducibility.
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Properties and in vitro Degradation of Metalic Biodegradable Materials
Ročňáková, Ivana ; Trojanová, Zuzanka (referee) ; Vojtěch,, Dalibor (referee) ; Podrábský, Tomáš (advisor)
Biodegradable metallic materials for medical applications have received considerable attention in recent years. The main reason is that they provide high potential for fabrication of temporal orthopedic implants such as bone fixation devices. Magnesium is an excellent candidate for fabrication of biodegradable implants due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties similar to human bone and relevance for biological body functions. The fast degradation rate of magnesium and its biodegradable alloys in physiological environment limits its clinical application. Another attractive material in the field of biodegradable materials is zinc, which is among the essential elements in human body. Zinc exhibits an excellent corrosion resistance, and inferior biocompatibility compared to with magnesium. Hence, surface modification to form a hard, dense/porous, biocompatible and corrosion resistant modified layer has become an interesting topic in magnesium base biomaterials. Since hydroxyapatite is well tolerated by living organisms and in addition, improves the bone growth, it appears to be excellent candidate for such coatings on surface of biodegradable materials (e.g. Mg, Zn). This thesis is focused on comparison of corrosion behavior of pure non ferrous metals (Mg, Zn) and metals coated with hydroxyapatite, in simulated body fluids. The present approach is the use of modified atmospheric plasma spray technology to produce the hydroxyapatite coatings – suspension spraying. Composition and structure of the coatings and corrosion products were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive microanalyzer and X-ray diffraction. Corrosion of Mg and Zn samples was monitored by weight loss and determined by X ray and micro-tomography. The application of the HA coating resulted in decrease of corrosion rate of pure Mg. The corrosion rate of coated Mg samples was lower by 27,3 % in comparison with the corrosion rate of pure non coated Mg. Corrosion degradation of uncoated and coated Zn samples was minimal. The aplication of HA on the non ferrous surface appears to be a very promising method to improve corrosion and biological properties of these biodegradable materials.
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