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On the Method's Disappearance: Analysis between philosophies of social contract and classical sociologies. A Study in Epistemology
Maršálek, Jan ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee) ; Karsenti, Bruno (referee)
The Method and its Disappearance: Analysis between philosophies of social contract and classical sociologies. A Study in Epistemology Jan Maršálek Université de Franche-Comté/Charles University in Prague Supervisors: prof. Frédéric Brahami, prof. Miloslav Petrusek (†), dr. Jan Balon. Résumé: In a doubly disloyal continuity with regard to the French epistemological tradition, largely preoccupied with the formation of scientific concepts, the present work addresses the phenomenon of disappearance of 'analytical' method. Nevertheless, the present work does not constitute an historical investigation: its very goal is to show (within the works of T. Hobbes, J.-J. Rousseau, H. Spencer and E. Durkheim) the variation of the epistemological status of the analysis, and thus to set up the concept of an 'epistemological event'. Examining the disappearance of the analysis requires its identification in the theoretical work whereby its leverage remains unacknowledged. Thus, having the status of a method in the philosophies of the social contract of Hobbes and Rousseau, the analysis 'continues' to structure, in a tacit way, the work of Spencer and Durkheim, both of them founders of scientific sociology. Is it possible to claim that, in the 19th century, the analysis manifests itself in the sociology's common recourse to...
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The Currents of History and Civilizations
Léwová, Dana ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Arnason, Johann Pall (referee)
This thesis outlines some basic approaches in the field of comparative civilizational analysis in the works of Jóhann P. Árnason and Jaroslav Krejčí in the confrontation with Jan Patočka's philosophy of history. Those theoretical bases are put into a wider historical context and historical relations in casuistic studies, narrowed to the civilizational area of the Middle East, especially Mesopotamia and Syria-Palestine and also the Aegean-Greek area. This work emphasizes the inevitable interconnection of generally conceived civilizational analysis, or historical sociology, with specific historiography. Individual detaching of theoretical concepts is understood as a relic of blind reductionism and determinism which is strongly rejected by philosophy of history which tries to focus on the phenomenon of historicity instead of historical chronologies. Nevertheless, without the support of empirical reality even philosophy of history would become a mere philosophical rumination. The connected interdisciplinary approach is the only way how to figure out the historical / civilizational sense, "between the past and the future" and to create continual cultural memory from the awareness of relations to the relation of awareness.
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Time and society. Social time over the centuries
Štiková, Irena ; Petrusek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Svobodová, Ludmila (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of time from a sociological perspective. More specifically it investigates the social time in contemporary and medieval western society. The theoretical and methodological framework is based on the Sociology of Time and on the Historical sociology. These two fields of study provide an adequate basis for research in this thesis. It is used study, compilation and comparative analysis of relevant sources. It means historical, sociological papers and fiction, which deal with the problematic of time. The social time in medieval society is examined from the following views: attitude to history, transience, structuring activities, labour and religion. The second part reflects social time in contemporary society from a little bit atypical point of view. Aspects of immortality and goals of our contemporary fast period are pointed out. The main vision of these sites it to explore the social time itself and in context of medieval and contemporary society.
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From Developmentalism to Mobilisation: The Case of Georgian Violent Transition
Střítecký, Vít ; Drulák, Petr (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis seeks to conceptualize a link between the phenomenona of developmentalist state and ethnopolitical mobilization while arguing that the study of post-developmental transition should be based on a complex framework involving crucial social, economic, and political processes. The argument begins with the overview of the approaches of the late/post-Soviet transition, which are critically assessed on the basis of their anchoring in the modernization paradigm. The thesis then turns to the formulation of the alternative theoretical explanation based on the sound theoretical observations from the field of historical sociology. The theoretical debate leads to the formulation of the model involving three causal mechanisms connecting the macro and micro levels. Empirically, the thesis argues that Georgian violent mobilization resulted from the processes that were determined by the functioning and decline of the Soviet developmentalist state. While accepting the dynamics of ethnopolitical mobilization it seeks to answer the question which socio-economic processes breed these mobilizations.
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The Social Construcion of Mental Illness - Historical Changes during Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
Sklenařík, Pavel ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kotlík, Pavel (referee)
The present thesis deals with the phenomenon of madness in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. The author describes the function of madness in the context of each historical period by way of examining the historical development of the social status of the mentally ill. Various aspects of insanity as well as distinct characteristics and qualities of lunatics persons, such as gender, assets, or the actual level of mental disorder, are taken into consideration in order to demonstrate the consequently differing approaches of the sane to the insane and vice versa. The result of the historical process of the formation of the society's stance towards the lunatics and insanity in general is then transferred to the present where the discussed processes are demonstrated on real examples. Insanity is viewed through the prism of social constructivism. In line with the view that insanity, as a social construction, is a product of discourse, one of the present work deals with the dispute on the right of defining insanity whose result influenced the inception of psychiatry as a discipline as well as the current attitude of the society with respect to insanity.
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Between Religion and Politics: Popular Culture of Early Modern Era
Nešpor, Zdeněk
The proceedings contains nine papers, that concern with the various issues of Czech and European popular culture of the early modern era. Papers by J. Horsky and D. Tinkova covers the issue theoreticaly, why those by Z. R. Nespor, I. Kusnirakova, H. Sobotkova, J. Wolf, I. Cermanova, J. Randak and E. Novotna are grounded in the empirical research.
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