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Možnosti využití planě rostoucích rostlin ve výživě člověka
JEZLOVÁ, Jana
Wild edible plants and weeds were once commonly used as vegetables or spices. Our ancestors valued them for their nutritional and taste properties as well as their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to elaborate the possibilities, benefits and prospects of using wild plants in human nutrition in our area. The work is based on the historical and geographical context, draws on the influence of tradition and culture on the consumption of wild plants and weeds, and takes into account the aspect of their protection from overharvesting and extinction. Particular attention is paid to nutritional properties, toxicological risks are highlighted, and the possibilities of collecting plant parts and their culinary preparation are described. On the basis of a literature search, an overview of the plants was compiled from available publications, indicating their characteristics and uses. A comparison is made with other ethnobotanical studies carried out in the Czech Republic and neighbouring countries. A questionnaire survey on attitudes towards consumption of wild plants demonstrates changing motivations for their use, preference for green parts of plants, their consumption in their raw state and in simple adaptations. In conclusion, twelve plant species are recommended for convenient use (Aegopodium podagraria, Alliaria petiolata, Allium vineale, Bellis perennis, Crataegus laevigata, Epilobium angustifolium, Galinsoga parviflora, Helianthus tuberosus, Impatiens glandulifera, Stellaria media, Reyoutria japonica, Viola odorata) with their detailed characteristics, nutritional benefits, processing possibilities and the reasons why these species deserve attention and inclusion in the diet.
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Monitoring parazitóz u vybraného stáda koz v ekologickém chovu a jejich řešení
KYNČLOVÁ, Nikol
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to monitor of endoparasites and the efficiency of deworming preparation on the ecological farm of goats. Anthelmintic resistance is becoming increasingly common in livestock farming, and its solution lies in sufficient prevention and the potential use of herbs in the future to support animal resistance, which can effectively complement the use of chemical preparations. Sample collection and examination was collected from May 2022 to March 2024 on an ecological farm in Peníkov, where 50 goats aged 1 to 10 years were monitored. Monitoring was conducted only on females, crossbreeds of the Anglo-Nubian and White Short-haired goat breeds, with samples taken randomly from goats with deteriorated fur quality, light eye mucous membranes, and results showing more than 200 EPG from previous samples. The resulting values were recorded, compared, and evaluated. The coprological examination revealed the presence of strongylid nematodes in the majority of samples taken, trichostrongylids, Ostertagia, and two samples with coccidia. Using the McMaster method, EPG values were determined for each individual fecal sample taken. The highest rate of infection was detected in May 2023, reaching 83,33 %. The findings indicate the influence of weather on the development and activity of parasites and their seasonal occurrence. Evidence of this is the high positivity rate detected in spring, at 77 %, and in autumn, reaching 75 %. The hypothesis of the highest rate of infectivity in young animals was refuted in the study, as 100% negativity was found in yearling goats. The worst values were observed in 4-year-old females with 87% positivity. Furthermore, the insufficient effectiveness of the deworming preparation was identified, with a FECRT for Eprinomectin set at 63,35 % reduction. Based on these results, prevention was recommended, a herbal mixture was proposed to increase goat resilience, and the use of a different anthelmintic was recommended to the breeder.
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Cosmetics preparations against acne
Měšťánková, Zuzana ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Hemp is a plant containing a number of active substances that can be used in cosmetics and pharmacy. The subject of this bachelor thesis is the multiplication of active substances by mixing cannabis with herbs that have anti-inflammatory effects. The theoretical part contains a description of the determined antioxidants and cannabinoids. The experimental part focuses on measuring the content of these substances in extracts created from the dry parts of herbs and hemp variety Ferimon. The work is also focused on the preparation of a cream containing cannabis and herbal extracts, which are aimed at inhibiting the formation of acne. The antimicrobial effect of creams and extracts was investigated on bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and Micrococcus luteus. The analysis of the extracts shows that the largest amount of active substances contained a mixture of mountain arnica and hemp, which also showed a good antimicrobial effect against both types of bacteria. The creams showed a low inhibitory effect due to the low content of active substances.
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Sensory evaluation of drinks enriched with extracts of herbs
Scholzová, Kristýna ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with sensory evaluation of herbal non-alcoholic beverages, being a part of a new product development. The theoretical part provides information concerning chemical composition, health effects, food applications and aroma compounds of the herbs of interest (peppermint (Mentha piperita), sage (Salvia officinalis), St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis). Another topic is a description of sensory methods, requirements and arrangement of the analysis, statistical methods, and also technological processes leading to herbal syrups and beverages production. The practical part comprises sensory analysis of a few, newly designed, formulas of one-component and two-component alcohol free herbal beverages. The sensory panel consisted of 40 students of master's and also doctoral study programme at Faculty of chemistry, University of Technology Brno. Four subsequent experiments are introduced, each of them consisting of a few sensory tests and including corresponding sensory forms attached. The sensory tests arrangement was based on currently valid Czech Technical Standards, using a ranking, descriptive, paired comparison, sensory profile testing and scaling methods. For the purpose of statistical evaluation, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, PCA and Faktor analysis were used. Level of abilities and sensory experience of panelists were found comparable to consumer testing. The results include sensory characteristics of all of the beverages tested. In general, the one-component beverages were preferred to the two-component beverages and the additive colouring with aronia concentrate wasn´t found any benefitial, from the sensory point of view. The consumer questionnaire proved all of the samples to be very promising, but based on the sensory results, we would consider the mint and the sage-mint beverages being the most potentialy applicable samples.
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Alcohol-free beers with herbal extracts
Vyskočilová, Terezie ; Lichnová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with alcohol-free beers and herbal extracts, which are the beers flavoured with. In the theoretical part the methods of non-alcoholic beer production and the representation of the active ingredients in herbs are described. A total of 7 herbal extracts were prepared and added into 3 non-alcoholic Czech beers. Each variant was examined in order to detect changes of the content of active substances before and after the addition of the herbal extract. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids, bitter substances and iso-bitter acids as well as antioxidant activity were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Using HPLC/UV-VIS analysis a content of catechins was assayed. The two selected flavours were encapsulated into liposome; the particles were tested of size and stability. Sensory analysis of all herbal extracts including the encapsulated ones was performed to determine the response of consumers and flavour preferences.
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Determination of antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts
Žitková, Barbora ; Veselá, Mária (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to observe the antimicrobial activity of selected herbal extracts and essential oils against three selected microorganisms, bacteria – Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida glabrata. Two diffusion methods were used to verify and compare the antimicrobial activity, namely the diffusion well and disk method. The theoretical part describes the characteristic of plants from which extracts and oils were made. It also focuses on active substances, vitamins and minerals contained in herbs. Other methods that can be used to determine antimicrobial activity are also mentioned in the work. At the end of the theoretical part the characteristic of the microorganisms used for observation is mentioned. The result of the diffusion well method shows that only eucalypt oil showed antimicrobial activity against all selected microorganisms. It was most effective against Bacillus cereus with an inhibition zone size of 1.73 ± 0.11 cm. The result of the diffusion disk method shows that there are two oils which showed antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms, namely marrow and eucalypt oil. Nevertheless, the most effective oil was made of mint against Bacillus cereus with an inhibition zone size of 1.57 ± 0.31 cm.
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Design of Hydroponic Flowerpot
Grygerek, Jan ; Buganská, Tamara (referee) ; Sládek, Josef (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor's thesis is the design of an interior hydroponic flowerpot, including its covering and lighting. The main problematic is light smog and finding the smallest possible optimal size of the entire device. Physical laws, passive principles and materials with specific properties are used to find the solution. Particularly, light smog is achived with a dichroic foil. The proposed design of the hydroponic planter is an ideal solution for people living in smaller apartments without the possibility of having their own garden.
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Aroma active compounds of selected types of herbs
Škutová, Pavla ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the identification of aroma active compounds in medicinal herbs. The group consists of 5 types of herbs: lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), pot marigold (Calendula officinalis), clary sage (Salvia sclarea), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), goat’s rue (Galega officinalis). These plants are known for their positive effects in folk medicine. The SPME-GC-MS method was chosen to characterize the fragrances. During the identification of volatile compounds, emphasis was put on suspected fragrance allergens listed in EC Regulation 1223/2009 in Annex III. Overall 106 compounds were identified together with 8 allergens in lemon balm, pot marigold contained 104 compounds with 7 allergens included, 82 compounds including 5 allergens in clary sage, 73 compounds were identified in milk thistle including 6 allergens and 110 compounds with 9 allergens included in goat’s rue.
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Modern herbs in the food industry
Adamczyková, Michaela ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of volatile (aromatic) compounds of Plectranthus spp. and Echinacea purpurea. The theoretical part focuses on the general characteristics of the above mentioned herbs, the content of their bioactive and volatile compounds, and on their importance as well as on their potential use in the food industry. Using the HS-SPME-GC-MS method, the volatile compounds of the herbs and extracts prepared from them were identified and quantified in the experimental part. A total of 11 volatile compounds were found in all the samples. The most frequent one in the sample of a fresh Plectranthus was 3-carene (13,78%) as well as in the sample of dried Plectranthus (14,85%). However, in the Plectranthus extract it was -selinene (17,84%). As for Echinacea, it is germacrene D (18,64%) in the sample of a fresh one, camphor (58,46%) in the one of dried Echinacea and -copaene (20,42%) in its extract.
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Aroma active compounds of selected types of medical herbs
Pecinová, Ester ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This thesis deals with aroma active compounds of selected types of medicinal herbs, specifically lavender (Lavandula officinalis), peppermint (Mentha piperita), sage (Salvia officinalis), St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) and hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). In the theoretical part the single herbs were characterized including botanical description, chemical composition, medicinal properties, adverse effects and the practical use; aroma active compounds present in herbs are also emphasized. Based on the literature search, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry as currently the most frequently used method, was chosen for the assessment of aroma compounds. Solid Phase Microextraction was used for isolation of volatile compounds from dried herbs. Within experimental part of the work selected parameters of the SPME-GC-MS method were optimized, aroma compounds in samples of herbs were identified, and twenty four suspected fragrance allergens due to the Regulation (EC) N° 1223/2009 were also identified and quantified. Overall 69 compounds were indetified together with 2 allergens in lavender, 59 compounds including 5 allergens in peppermint, sage contained 49 compounds with 4 allergens included, 41 compounds were identified in St. John’s wort including 4 allergens and finally 64 compounds with 4 allergens included in hyssop.
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