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Analysis of elements in nutrition supplements
Motlová, Tereza ; Navrátilová, Jana (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with food supplements, mineral elements and their determination in dietary supplements. The aim of this thesis was to elaborate a literature review focused on the food supplements, mineral elements, which are used in food supplements, and methods for determination of mineral elements in nutrition supplements. Forepart of this bachelor treats of food supplements, their basic categories, mineral elements which are contained in nutrition supplements and their effects in case of their oversupply (at high doses) or lack (at low concentrations) in a human body. Other part of this thesis is concerned with options of mineral elements determination in food supplements. Thereinafter, the thesis deals with ways of preparing samples for determination and analytical methods which are used for determination of mineral elements in nutrition supplements. Food supplements are foodstuffs which serve to direct consumption. Supplements differ from casually foodstuffs by high contents of vitamins, mineral elements and others matters which have nutrition and physiological effect. Food supplements are manufactured in order to achieve a diet completion of common user with positive impact on human health.
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Preparation of food supplements for children containing probiotic bacteria and fruit components
Vetchá, Vendula ; Bendová, Agáta (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the preparation of supplementary food with probiotic culture and fruit components. The aim of this work was to determine which of the selected extracts will affect the growth of probiotics and also will contain a certain proportion of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamin C and show antioxidant effects. The theoretical part of the work is focused on the intestinal microbiota, the issue of probiotics and the characterization of encapsulation methods of probiotics. We used extracts of teas and fruit syrups in the experimental part. The antimicrobial activity against model microorganisms Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Serratia marcescens was analyzed. Interaction of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve in extracts were tested. After model digestion, cell viability of probiotic bacteria in combination with extracts was examined during and after digestion. In the last part, encapsulated particles containing probiotics and a mixture of tea and syrup were prepared.
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Encapsulation of probiotics for use in nutritional products for children
Šmídová, Veronika ; Hudečková, Helena (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on optimization and development of probiotic food supplement with attractive look and active ingredient, like prebiotic or “superfood”, which are there for afford useful substances for organism. In the theoretical part is focused on probiotics and its encapsulation, also on prebiotics, which are used for work and screening probiotics food supplements in our market. The practical part is focused on optimization of composition of new probiotic food supplement, polysaccharide particles in the shape of a teddy bear were prepared. At first, the basic composition was optimized, as the best alginate-agar particles were determined. Addition of nutritionally valuable ingredients was also optimized. Particles with inulin, acerola, chia fiber, yacon syrup, chlorella and spirulina were prepared. Another part of this work was focused on the determination of the viability of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium breve in various forms and after exposed to model digestion. The highest viability of the cells was measured after encapsulation of lyophilized cells into a polysaccharide particle. Prepared particles were finally subjected to a sensory analysis.
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DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF NATURAL FOOD COMPOUNDS FOR INFANTS´ NUTRITION
Hoová, Julie ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The presented doctoral thesis is focused on development and testing of natural compounds for infant’s nutrition. Selected groups of plant-based food were examined from nutritional point of view, as well as regarding the content of biologically active compounds, especially compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial activity. As basic nutrients were measured following groups of compounds: total saccharides, reducing sugars, insoluble fiber, total nitrogen, and fatty acid profile. Moreover, content of specific vitamins and provitamins, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, natural pigments, fructans, -glucans and organic acids were determined in selected samples. The evaluation of antimicrobial effect was studied via interaction with appropriate types of microbial cells. The safety of tested materials was verified by cytotoxicity tests using human cell lines HaCaT and Caco-2. In next part of present work, encapsulation techniques were applied to enhance stability and consumer acceptance of natural extracts. Materials were encapsulated into nanoparticles, especially into liposomes of different composition. Size distribution, uniformity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and release control were monitored. Sunflower and soya bean lecithin were determined as the most suitable for preparation of stable liposomes. Further part of the study was focused on the role of probiotics in infant´s nutrition. Selected probiotic strains were cultivated and the influence of the encapsulation techniques and presence of plant extracts on probiotic viability were examined in natural form and in model digestion conditions. Cultivation techniques and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate probiotic viability. Based on the results obtained, plant extracts rich in bioactive compounds and having potential effect on human organism and probiotic bacteria were selected. As a most suitable combination, green barley and some probiotics like lactobacilli and bifidobacteria could be recommended. Finally, the specific study focused on the transfer of selenium species from mother to child via colostrum was analyzed. Selenium is a biogenic element acting as a representative of early natural antioxidants in human body. The important role of colostrum in neonatal nutrition was confirmed by the detection of the presence of selenoprotein P in the colostrum. This protein is further taken up by the child immediately after birth and contributes as the earliest antioxidant to infant´s immunity. Overall, it can be concluded that, despite the undeniable fundamental importance of protein in childhood nutrition, further plant-based biologically active compounds and combinations of probiotics and prebiotics, represent a major benefit and contribute positively to the increase of the nutritional value and quality of foods for infant nutrition.
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Determination of L-tryptophan in food supplements in high performace liquid chromatography
Pešková, Pavlína ; Kalíková, Květa (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Anna (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with optimalization of chromatographic conditions for determination of tryptophan by HPLC method with UV detection. The amount of tryptophan has been determined in two food supplements. To find suitable conditions for the determination of tryptophan, the influence of the composition of the mobile phase on analyte retention and peak symmetry was tested in two different chromatographic modes - reversed-phase mode using the Atlantis dC18 column and mixed-mode using the Atlantis PREMIER BEH C18 AX column. Specifically, the effect of the type and amount of organic modifier (acetonitrile/methanol), the effect of the pH of the ammonium acetate buffer (4,7;5,9;7,0) and its concentration (5mM/10mM) in the mobile phase was tested. Based on the obtained data, the optimal chromatographic conditions were selected (in terms of analysis time and peak symmetry). In the optimized conditions selected validation parameters such as repeatability, reproducibility, limits of detection and quantification were determined. The optimized conditions were as follows: mixed-mode Atlantis PREMIER BEH C18 AX column, mobile phase acetonitrile/5mM ammonium acetate, pH 7,0 10/90 (v/v), separation temperature 25 řC, flow rate 1 ml/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Under these conditions, the tryptophan...
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Preparation of food supplements for children containing probiotic bacteria and fruit components
Vetchá, Vendula ; Bendová, Agáta (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the preparation of supplementary food with probiotic culture and fruit components. The aim of this work was to determine which of the selected extracts will affect the growth of probiotics and also will contain a certain proportion of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamin C and show antioxidant effects. The theoretical part of the work is focused on the intestinal microbiota, the issue of probiotics and the characterization of encapsulation methods of probiotics. We used extracts of teas and fruit syrups in the experimental part. The antimicrobial activity against model microorganisms Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Serratia marcescens was analyzed. Interaction of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve in extracts were tested. After model digestion, cell viability of probiotic bacteria in combination with extracts was examined during and after digestion. In the last part, encapsulated particles containing probiotics and a mixture of tea and syrup were prepared.
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Nutraceuticals: possibilities in decreasing of hyperuricemia and alleviating gout
Lorencová, Štěpánka ; Hošťálková, Anna (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Lorencová Š.: Nutraceuticals: possibilities in decreasing of hyperuricemia and alleviating gout. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Kralove 2020, 82 p. This research work was conducted on the basis of literature analysis, reviewing papers mainly from international but also domestic journals. The review describes pathophysiology of gout and discusses options to mitigate the disease with the aid of dietary supplements. This work presents symptoms and a clinical picture of the disease as well as its origin and risk factors, pathological processes leading to the development of the disease, and a short overview of current pharmacotherapy. Furthermore this work summarises natural substances including plant extracts that may be utilised in the prevention and support of gout treatment. In particular, these include vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and peptides. This work also describes plants used in the traditional treatment of gout and gives a brief overview of natural substances including plant extracts contained in food supplements that are available on the market in Czech Republic. This work also describes the role of purines, fructose, alcoholic drinks and tomatoes in triggering...
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Encapsulation of probiotics for use in nutritional products for children
Šmídová, Veronika ; Hudečková, Helena (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on optimization and development of probiotic food supplement with attractive look and active ingredient, like prebiotic or “superfood”, which are there for afford useful substances for organism. In the theoretical part is focused on probiotics and its encapsulation, also on prebiotics, which are used for work and screening probiotics food supplements in our market. The practical part is focused on optimization of composition of new probiotic food supplement, polysaccharide particles in the shape of a teddy bear were prepared. At first, the basic composition was optimized, as the best alginate-agar particles were determined. Addition of nutritionally valuable ingredients was also optimized. Particles with inulin, acerola, chia fiber, yacon syrup, chlorella and spirulina were prepared. Another part of this work was focused on the determination of the viability of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium breve in various forms and after exposed to model digestion. The highest viability of the cells was measured after encapsulation of lyophilized cells into a polysaccharide particle. Prepared particles were finally subjected to a sensory analysis.
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Determination of magnesium in food supplements by atomic spectrometry techniques
Tomášková, Sabina ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Šíma, Jan (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na stanovení hořčíku v běžně dostupných potravinových doplňcích pomocí vybraných spektrometrických analytických metod - atomová absorpční spektrometrie a atomová emisní spektrometrie. Analyzovány byly následující potravinové doplňky: Calibrum 50 Plus, Centrum s multi-efektem, Magnesii lactici, Spektrum 50+, Supradyn a Hemofin. V rámci této práce byla nalezena vhodná úprava vzorků pro jejich převedení do roztoku, dále u obou metod byly nalezeny optimální podmínky pro stanovení hořčíku. Optimalizovanými parametry byla výška paprsku nad hranou hořáku, průtoková rychlost paliva, šířka spektrálního intervalu a poloha hořáku. Pomocí atomové absorpční spektrometrie byl hořčík stanoven v plameni acetylen-vzduch. Pomocí atomové emisní spektrometrie byl hořčík stanoven v plameni acetylen-oxid dusný. Meze stanovitelnosti se pohybovaly pro uvedené metody následovně: 6,11 µg/l (69,5 µg/l) pro polohu hořáku 0ř (90ř) v případě atomové absorpční spektrometrie a 64,8 µg/l v případě atomové emisní spektrometrie pro polohu hořáku 0ř. V případě obou měření byly provedeny dva způsoby stanovení. V prvním případě byly měřeny roztoky standardů a vzorků bez přídavku pomocných činidel pro potlačení interferencí. V druhém případě již byla přidána pomocná činidla do roztoků standardů i...
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