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Neo-feudalism and Neo-traditionalism: the Intersection of Cultural Discourse and Economic Policies in Fidesz's Hungary
Baldinger, Mackenzie Christine ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Shaev, Brian (referee)
This thesis examines the intersection of cultural discourse and economic policies of the Hungarian populist radical right party, Fidesz. It classifies the cultural discourse of the governing party as neo-traditionalist by examining how the party's leader, Viktor Orbán, rhetorically shapes his vision of the nation, espouses traditional values, and uses missionary politics to create a personalized moral code under the guise of cultural Christianity. It examines the government's economic policies of nationalization and re-privatization, crony capitalism, and national work program within a neo-feudalist classification. This research finds that the neo-feudalist economic policies of Fidesz serve as a reinforcement mechanism that legitimizes the cultural discourse espoused by Orbán. Furthermore, the neo-feudal economy is reshaping the social system into a highly centralized and hierarchical structure and having lasting macroeconomic effects, including demographic issues and increasing levels of wealth inequality. This emerging illiberal model of governance is not only reshaping Hungary's political, economic, and social systems, but also contributing to a larger movement away from the tenets of liberal democracy within CEE. Keywords Neo-traditionalism, Neo-feudalism, Delayed transformational fatigue,...
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Comparison of ANO 2011 and Fidesz in terms of program and organizational structure
Winklerová, Barbora ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on comparison of ANO 2011 and Fidesz based on their origin, development, organizational structure, program and ideology, and role of the party leader. Beside the introduction of various organizational party types and concept of "genetical code" by Angelo Panebianco, the parties are examined also by concept of populism defined on the basis of the book by Cas Mudde and C.R. Kaltwasser. Based on two case studies of ANO 2011 and Fidesz the goal of this paper was to find out similar and different features and explore their impact on democratic system. As long as these two parties have different organizational structure, one of the important features is dominant role of their founder not only in the foundation of the party but also in the following development towards centralized organization and personalization. The other common feature is populism which appears to be an important variable affecting the party's influence on the democratic system. However, the character of populism is different in these cases. Particular political system and electoral system also play important role in the potential decline of democracy.
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Comparison of ideological and policy definition of Fidesz and PiS
Vait, Martin ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
The subject of this diploma thesis is to examine and compare the ideological and programmatic definition of Fidesz and PiS, their development in time and their current actions and policy-making since forming their single-party governments in 2010 in Hungary and 2015 in Poland, respectively. This work also focuses on the development in both countries during the transformation from communism towards democracy, and sets out to answer what preconditions have formed the demand for populist radical right ideology both in Hungary and Poland. Based on the theory of populist radical right framework, this thesis concludes that, in addition to the negative aspects of political and economic transformation, historical narratives and prejudices against minorities by a significant part of the Hungarian and Polish societies have also played a crucial role in creating a climate for demand for the populist radical right. In the third chapter, this thesis finds a high volatility in the ideological development of both parties, especially in regards to Fidesz, and attributes these considerable ideological and programmatic changes in part to reaction of Fidesz and PiS towards changes in the party system in both Hungary and Poland. However, since 2006 the ideology of both parties has become increasingly consistent with...
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Reflection of Hungarian Uprising of 1956 in Museums
Bicanová, Jana ; Šafařík, Petr (advisor) ; Irmanová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the issues of forming national identity and related possibility to reinterpret Hungarian uprising of 1956 in context of sixtieth anniversary of the historical event. It highlights the most common meanings that were linked to the event while focusing on presenting the memory policy of governing party Fidesz. The intention of this thesis is to explore the way how exhibition of museums legitimize the policy of Fidesz. To this end, it utilizes a combination of classical study of literature dealing with said subject and musicological analysis based on five categories that were inspired by Aristotel's approach to drama, where the used sources are two exhibitions that were organized due to the sixtieth anniversary of the historical event. The conclusion of the study is based on the comparison of the exhibitions, rhetoric of speeches delivered by politicians and the theoretical framework described in the opening part of the text.
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Liberal democracy in the rhetoric of Viktor Orbán
Vait, Martin ; Kubátová, Hana (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The subject of this thesis is to analyze the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's rhetoric towards the key elements of liberal democracy defined by Larry Diamond since year 2010. The thesis follows up on previous studies in this area which address the changes in the Hungarian constitutional order and political practice of the past years. It also reacts to the public discussion about the situation in Hungary which is accompanied by criticism of the Hungarian government on the part of international institutions and nongovernmental organizations. The basis for pursuing with this particular topic is Viktor Orbán's stated intention to turn away from the Hungarian state organization built on the principles of liberal democracy. The thesis raises the question in what aspects is Viktor Orbán verbally distancing himself from the elements of liberal democracy. This question is divided into three levels, examining the area of Orbán's intended state organization, Orbán's interpretation of liberal democracy, and, most...
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Change of the constitution: an analysis of the circumstances, the course and the impact
Štveráková, Iveta ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Smetanková, Daša (referee)
Since 1 January 2012 there is a new constitution in Hungary, which has been facing a negative criticism not only in homeland but especially abroad from the moment of the approval. The criticism relates to the process of creating and approving the new constitution, which took place in 2011, as well as its content. The constitution is mainly criticized for distortion of the democratic principles. Therefore the aim of this thesis will be an analysis of the process of creation and approval of the constitution, its content and response of domestic and international actors. In April 2012, due to some controversial provisions in the constitution Hungary was brought to the Court of Justice of the EU. Therefore the thesis also deals with the causes of this serious decision and at the same time the way of treating Hungary because of irregularities in the constitution.
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