|
|
AI and fact-check journalism - the pitfalls of the search for truth by artificial intelligence
Haber, Josef ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The diploma thesis entitled AI & fact-check journalism - the pitfalls of the search for truth by artificial intelligence examines the connections between contemporary journalism, fact-checking, and artificial intelligence tools in the post-truth era. It describes the relationships between objectivity and interpretation and explores the problem of dichotomy between fact and value. The theoretical discussion is then translated into a practical issue using the journalistic discipline of fact-checking. Artificial intelligence tools and their potential for journalism are introduced. The practical part of the thesis focuses on experiments with an AI tool that automates fact-checking. The tool is tested using four alternative knowledge bases represented by Czech media datasets. All models show the expected response to ontologically truthful and false claims, confirming truths and debunking lies. Subsequently, the true opinions of the models about social reality are tested. The results demonstrate that the models adopt the opinions published in the datasets. However, it was not possible to trace systematic model opinions towards polarization in thematic areas from the results. The thesis includes suggestions for future changes in experiments. In the conclusion, the results are linked with both practical...
|
|
|
Designing a Multilingual Fact-Checking Dataset from Existing Question-Answering Data
Kamenický, Daniel ; Aparovich, Maksim (referee) ; Fajčík, Martin (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá nedostatkem vícejazyčných datových sad pro kontrolu faktů, které by obsahovaly důkazy podporující nebo vyvracející fakt. Proto se tato práce zabývá převodem datového souboru pro kontrolu faktů z již existujícího datového souboru otázek a odpovědí. V této práci jsou studovány dva přístupy ke konverzi datové sady. Prvním přístupem je vytvoření datové sady založené na jednojazyčném předem natrénovaném seq-2-seq modelu T5. Model je trénován na anglickém datovém souboru. Vstupy a výstupy jsou překládány do požadovaných jazyků. Druhým přístupem je využití vícejazyčného modelu mT5, který přebírá vstup a generuje výstup v požadovaném jazyce. Pro vícejazyčný model je zapotřebí přeložit trénovací datové sady. Jako hlavní problém této práce se ukázal překlad, který v málo zdrojovém jazyce dosáhl kolem 30 % úspěšnosti. Experimenty ukázaly lepší výsledky v tvrzeních generovaných z jednojazyčného modelu s využitím strojového překladu. Na druhou stranu, tvrzení generované z vícejazyčného modelu dosáhly úspěšnosti 73 % oproti tvrzením z jednojazyčného modelu s dosaženou úspěšností 88 %. Modely byly vyhodnoceny modelem ověřování faktů založeném na TF-IDF. Dosažená přesnost modelu na obou datových sadách se blíží 0,5. Z toho lze usoudit, že výsledné datové sady mohou být náročné pro modely ověřování faktů.
|
|
|
Fake news a nástroje jejich odhalování
HAVELCOVÁ, Tereza
In response to the increasing danger connected to the issue of the spread of fake news the thesis focuses on the distinction of terms associated with the fake news phenomenon (fake news, disinformation, hoax, conspiracy, manipulation, propaganda etc.), introduces different types of news media (traditional media, alternative media, fake news sites and social media). The thesis further states potential reasons for the mistrust in mainstream media as a possible cause of the recipients' inclination to alternative sources. In response to the increasing number of information coming from different types of news sources, there is a growing need to verify this information, thus the key competencies (critical thinking and media literacy) in the fight against the fake news are introduced. The thesis further elaborates the issue of automatic verification (along with its effectiveness) of news on the internet. Online applications exposing fake news sites are subjected to research in comparative analysis. The results of the examination highlight some of their imperfections that online tools contend.
|
|
| |
|
|
The role of the media in spreading conspiracy theories, fake news and hoaxes
Hamrník, Jan ; Cebe, Jan (advisor) ; Končelík, Jakub (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the dissemination of conspiracy theories, fake news and hoaxes and the role of media in this process. First, the basic concepts are explained and the topic of the thesis is put in a broader context. The functioning of disinformation media is described including the description of the local scene. Other channels used to deceive recipients include e-mails and applications, social networks, and word of mouth. Special attention is paid to the regular media and the rules according to which they should operate. The theory is followed by a practical part, which maps the spreading of specific misinformation not only through the media, but also fact-checking initiatives. Examples include conspiracy theories about the fire in Notre-Dame Cathedral, hoaxes about alleged refugees in Cheb, Czech Television journalist Marek Wollner and MP Olga Richterová, and the case of the dubious non-profit organization International Children's Cross. The analysis of these cases is conducted through a mixed research model: Data collection is carried out by a quantitative method, while working with them, qualitative methods associated with grounded theory are applied. The aim is to define and describe the forms that the media give to misinformation in their outputs, and to determine in which cases...
|
guest ::
